XBRL FR分類標準整合─集團企業編製合併財務資訊之研究

Abstract

集團財務資訊的編制在企業資源規劃系統的協助下，產生的速度已較以往大為增快許多，然而，先不論相關系統的訓練、導入、維護及更新成本，目前的財務資訊仍舊需要多次的輸入、分發及反覆檢覈，這些步驟尚停在人工編製的階段。\nXBRL（可延伸企業報告語言，eXtensible Business Reporting Language）的發展，使企業打破傳統財報的表單形式，它利用電腦可讀的標籤語言減少大量的傳統人力編製流程。後來更發展了財務報告的分類標準（以下簡稱XBRL FR），用來表達財務報表合計性的資訊，但這些處理過的加總數字，無法再還原為原始資料，故對於各國會計準則無法自動轉換，對於跨國公司的合併財務資訊依舊費時費力。\n本研究首先依據國際會計準則委員會、臺灣、中國及美國官方所制定的XBRL FR進行分析及比較，建立一個新的XBRL FR，稱為NCCU XBRL FR，蒐集一般行業編制集團財務資訊之必要明細科目（僅包含所有流動資產和流動負債）。接者透過「對應標籤(mapping tags)」的技術，設計一邏輯規則庫，內建四種NCCU XBRL FR分別對應四地XBRL FR之「XBRL計算連結庫(XBRL Calculation Linkbase)」，即可自動轉換NCCU XBRL FR和四地XBRL FR的資訊。最後利用四地之原本XBRL FR計算連結庫，計算編製合併報表資訊前的個別報表資訊。\n本研究提出多國準則探討及XBRL FR對應的方法，設計問卷並執行國內四大事務所之專家訪談，發現各國財務報表準則仍然受到會計專業的主觀判斷而分歧，未來全球財報共通的目標，還有很長的一段路要走。

Because of the support of Enterprise Resource Planning system, business groups speed up their financial reporting preparation. Leaving aside the system cost of training, implemention, maintenance and update, its financial information still requires multiple inputs and distributions currently, and needs to repeatedly check their validity. These steps still remain at manual labor.\nXBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) helps business to break the form of traditional financial reporting. It has machine-readable label tags, and it can reduce lots of traditional manual process. Financial Reporting Taxonomies (hereinafter referred to as XBRL FR) now are used to express the information of the total amount in financial statements. Because processed numbers can not revert to the original data, accounting principles adopted by nations around the world cannot switch amid different principles. Therefore consolidations of financial information still cost multinationals a lot of resources.\nIn this study, based on analysis and comparison of International Accounting Standards Board, Taiwan, China and the United States official XBRL FR, we established a new XBRL FR, called NCCU XBRL FR, which is used to collect general commercial and industrial financial information (including only current assets and current liabilities). Then, we use mapping tags technology to design some logic rule database, which has four built-in XBRL Calculation Linkbases corresponding to four XBRL FRs. The logic rule database can automatically convert NCCU XBRL FR to four XBRL FRs. Ultimately, the original four XBRL FR Calculation Linkbases can compute individual financial statements before preparation of consolidated information.\nIn this study, we proposed a method of multinational accounting standard discussion and XBRL FR mapping. We designed the questionnaire and conduct in-depth interviews to the experts of Big 4 audit firms. Then we found that there are differences in subjective judgments of multinational accounting standard. In the future, there will be a long way to go if we have the goal of common global financial reporting.