台灣兒童及青少年關係量表(TRICA)之編製和心理計量特性研究

Abstract

本研究從實徵研究發現，主觀評估的個人社會關係（包含親子、師生與同儕關係）是自我發展的重要預測變項，而正、負向社會關係均應納入考量。「台灣兒童及青少年關係量表(TRICA)」即依此觀點設計。本研究以1018位五、七、九年級學生為研究對象。資料蒐集後隨機分為兩組，分別進行量表之探索性因素分析、信度檢定與驗證性因素分析。研究結果顯示親子關係分量表可分為四個因素，師生關係分量表以及同儕關係分量表均可各分為兩個因素。各因素所形成量尺之內部一致性(Cronbach`s a=.77~.86)，以及間隔兩週之再測信度(Pearson`s r=.73~.88)均落於令人滿意的範圍之內。驗證性因素分析的結果指出，TRICA的三個分量表均有良好的整體模式適合度。上述結果顯示TRICA為一結構合理、穩定可靠的量表，可用以評量兒童及青少年的主觀社會關係。

Based on literature review and the previous results of empirical studies done by these authors, it is suggested that subjective evaluations of social relationships-represented by parent-child, teacher-student, and peer relations-are one of the most important predictors of self development for child and adolescent. Furthermore, besides the supportive social relations, we should also take the negative side of social relations into account. Guided by these hypotheses, the Taiwan Relationship Inventory for Children and Adolescents (TRICA) was developed. TRICA is a self-report inventory using 4-point Likert scale that composed of 3 subscales: the Parent-Child Subscale, the Teacher-Student Subscale, and the Peers Subscale. One thousand and eighteen 5th, 7th, and 9th grade students were involved in this study. The data collected were randomly split into 2 sets. The first set of the data was used for the exploratory factor analysis and for the examination of reliability, and the second set of data was used for the confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the Parent-Child Subscale is best explained by 4 factors: Positive relations with mother, Positive relations with father, Negative relations with mother, and Negative relations with father. The Teacher-Student Subscale is best explained by 2 factors: Positive relations with teacher, and Negative relations with teacher. The Peers Subscale is also composed of 2 factors: Positive relations with peers, and Negative relations with peers. The TRICA is an appealing and reliable test with satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach`s a=.77-.86) and test-retest reliability (Pearson`s r=.73-.88). The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that each of the 3 subscales had good overall model fit. These results indicate that the TRICA is a scale with good reliability and validity for evaluating the social relationships of children and adolescents.