永不止助！五位老人醫院志工 之生命故事

Abstract

本研究藉由生命歷程觀點的特殊性，同時從鉅視層面的社會結構與歷史脈絡，以及微視層面的個人經驗，檢視老人志願服務的動態參與過程。\n本研究採質性研究針對五位老人醫院志願服務者，以生命史的方式呈現其志願服務參與的過程是如何隨著生命歷程的發展而持續或變動，並陳述其變動的因素，同時以生命歷程的五個觀點(1)生命幅度發展原則、(2)行動力的原則、(3)時間與空間的原則、(4)時機原則，以及(5)連結關係原則，作為檢視每個位受訪者是如何受到鉅觀層次¬-社會脈絡、歷史事件以及用人單位的制度變革；微觀層次-個人的生命幅度、生命事件衍生的各種角色之間的競合關係；中介層次¬-志工與其他志工、工作者所產生的互動等等，此三個面向的交互作用而持續的參與志願服務。研究結果發現：\n一、老人志願服務參與經驗：\n首先在投入時數與服務類型部分，五位受訪者中有三位志願服務者曾參與過其他類型的志願服務，但目前僅一位受訪者持續參與其他類型的志願服務，其他兩位受訪者則僅參與醫院志願服務。其志願服務工作類型的選擇，往往受到參與動機與參與契機的影響；參與時數則受到參與單位對於時數的要求，至少每位一週都參與3個小時。其次，在參與動機部分，發現五位受訪者參與志願服務的動機主要為自我取向與人際取向的因素，且其參與動機是多元且異質的，隨著經歷不同的生命經驗，而影響其持續參與的動力。第三，在參與獲益部分，與過去研究相似，包括結交志同道合的朋友、肯定自我價值、替代性的社會角色等。最後，在而參與條件部分，本研究的受訪者不論是個人能力條件、經濟狀況或時間運用條件皆有所差異，但他們卻皆在志願服務的服務經驗中，找到展現自我價值的地方，並且獲得持續參與的動力。\n二、生命歷程觀點看志願服務參與經驗：\n從老人在志願服務參與經驗中，可以發現他們的參與經驗是同時受到微觀層面、鉅觀層面、人際層面三個層面的影響。且發現無論在生命中的哪個階段，都是一直持續處於動態的過程，志工會調和每個不同生活場域中的角色，讓自己在經歷生命階段的改變、角色競合的衝突時，利用各種資源與自己的能力，在自主安排之下，持續的參與至今。

This study aims at looking for the dynamic process of the experiences of elder volunteers, and is from both macro levels: social structure and historical context, and micro level: self-experience.\nThis study adopts qualitative research, and presents life histories of five elder hospital volunteers. The author tried to figure out what happened within the developing of their life courses and the reasons of keeping or transforming their volunteer works. \nThe author discusses how five principles interact with interviewees in different dimensions of them and their volunteer works. The five principles are: (1) the principle of life-span development, (2) the principle of agency, (3) the principle of time and place, (4) the principle of timing, and (5) the principle of linked lives, as the view of each interviewees’ volunteer experience, Following is the discussion:\n1. Participation experience of elder volunteers:\nThree of the five interviewees had participated in more that one type of volunteer works. However, only one of the three continues to participate in more than one volunteer works, and the other two interviewees involved in hospital volunteer work only. The author also found that there exists basic requirement for the volunteer working hours. The basic working hours, which are defined by the working units, are at least three hours a week.\nSecondly, the motivations of all the interviewee can be divided into self-oriented factors and interpersonal orientation factors. The motivations are diverging and continually affect the interviewees with different life experiences.\nThird, benefits of participation, similar to previous studies, are including the make like-minded friends, certainly self-value, and alternative social role.\nAlthough the ability, economic status, and free time of all interviewees are different from one another. All interviewees can still find their self-value and be motivated form their volunteer works.\n2. The life course perspective in volunteering experience:\nFrom their participation in the volunteer experiences, the readers can find that their experiences are the composed of micro level, macro level, interpersonal level, and the impact of three levels. The readers can also found that no matter what stage in life, are continued in a dynamic process, volunteers will reconcile each of the different role of the field of life, and continue to participate until now.