愛滋感染者權能增強影響因素之研究

Abstract

愛滋感染者為深受社會烙印且處於社會邊緣的族群，在面對自身權力遭受侵犯時，往往難以看到該人口群為自己或社群發聲與行動，因此，本研究希冀瞭解愛滋感染者的權能表現以及可能的影響因素，藉此達致感染者權能的激發。\n本研究採取問卷調查法，以目前台灣的愛滋感染者為主要的受訪者，抽樣方法為立意抽樣，主要透過非營利組織、監所等管道發放問卷，整份問卷主要由受訪者自填或訪員協助填答的方式進行，共回收379份有效問卷。而納入檢驗愛滋感染者權能表現的相關因素主要有個人基本資料、生活滿意度、愛滋內在烙印、參與類型、愛滋知識與服藥狀況；本研究透過獨立樣本T檢定與變異數分析檢驗自變項與依變項的雙變項相關，並透過多元迴歸分析的方式，進行多變項的檢定。\n研究結果發現：一、愛滋感染者整體權能表現分布在尚可至中度，且社會政治權能表現最高，但實踐權能的參與行動卻偏低。二、愛滋感染者的生活滿意度位於稍微不滿意至中立的分配，且對於整體生活狀態滿意，但是不滿意過去的生命經驗。三、愛滋感染者的內在烙印程度較高，深受愛滋內在烙印影響者，權能相對較低。四、讓感染者自覺能夠影響他人者，權能表現相對較高。五、愛滋感染者對於愛滋知識的認識有助於權能提昇。六、多元迴歸分析當中，生活滿意度、社區代表參與、愛滋知識與服藥順從度為主要影響感染者權能的因素，共能解釋36％的變異量。\n本研究依據研究結果，針對實務工作者、未來研究者以及愛滋感染者進行相關的建議。期許實務工作者能協助感染者權能提昇的執行，研究者能夠繼續探索相關影響因素，而愛滋感染者可以相信自己具有權能的能力。

People living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) are marginalized by HIV social stigma, and we are hardly to see this population speak and act for their right, even through their right or power is violated. For this reason, I hope to find out the performances and the factors of empowerment of PLWHA. As the results, we can empower this population by the right strategies.\nThe method to carry out this study was using a survey, which held by purposive sampling. People who infected HIV in Taiwan are the main sample size. The participation in this study was contacted by Non-government organizations, prisons and drug abuser center of correction agency, expecting to respond anonymously by them or interviewer. In the end, 379 questionnaires were analyzed. The instrument consist of six main parts, including demographic, satisfaction with life scale, HIV internal stigma, participation types, HIV/AIDS knowledge scale and reported compliance with medication. To address this issue, t-test and analyses of variance were used to detect bivariate analysis between dependent and independent variables. In order to clarify the explanatory power of variables, a multiple regression analysis was done.\nAll research revealed, the total empowerment is moderate, and social-political empowerment is the highest, but PLWHA seldom participate in activities. Second, participation didn’t satisficate with their life, especially what they got in the past. Third, PLWHA had higher internal stigma score, which was negatively correlated with lower empowerment. Forth, PLWHA who can affect others had higher empowerment score. Fifth, HIV/AIDS knowledge was shown significant associated with empowerment of PLWHA. Sixth, multiple regression analysis shows that satisfaction with life scale, community participation, HIV/AIDS knowledge and reported compliance with medication were important factors of empowerment, accounting for 36% variance. \nSuggestions were given to pratical workers, future researchers and PLWHA: we hope pratical worker can help to raise the empowerment of PLWHA, researcher can keep finding more empowerment factors in the future, and PLWHA can believe they have empower ability to strive for their right.