Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59983
題名: 區域與不分區立委代表行為之差異
The difference of representative behavior among district and list legislators
作者: 高偉綸
貢獻者: 盛杏湲
高偉綸
關鍵詞: 混合選制
區域立委
不分區立委
選區經驗
立法表現
政黨團結
日期: 2011
上傳時間: 4-Sep-2013
摘要: 首先,本研究想要了解,究竟區域立委與不分區立委,在立法行為的面向,是否會產生差異?其次,本研究也想了解不分區立委若有基層選區經驗,則在立法行為方面,與沒有選區經驗的不分區立委之間是否會有不同的表現?因此,從上述的研究問題所述,本研究試圖分析區域立委與不分區立委在立法行為上的差異,並且說明不分區立委之中具有不同的代表屬性,同時可能也會有不同的表現。\n本研究首先從混合選制的理論,分析選舉制度如何影響立法委員的行為。並且,從建立個人選票的動機與授權的來源,解釋立法委員為何會採取相異的行動。並且也從文獻中說明,混合選制造成的影響可能會有幾種不同的情形;而這些類型對於國會的運作會帶來什麼樣的效果。\n本研究所提出的理論架構,認為區域立委建立個人選票的動機較為強烈,而且授權來源為選區選民,因此為了追求連任的目標,會提供更多利益給選區;而當選區利益與政黨利益產生衝突時,區域立委較有可能與政黨的立場不一致。另一方面,不分區立委建立個人選票的動機較為缺乏,加上授權來源為所屬政黨,因此較傾向於維護政黨政策,並且對政黨較為忠誠。其中,若是不分區立委具有選區經驗,雖然可能被認為會建立個人選票以及回應選區的授權;但其實選舉制度的效果將會是影響這類立委行為的主要因素。\n最後的分析結果,證明如本研究所建構的理論所述,選舉制度與立法委員的行為的確有顯著的影響。區域立委較為代表選區利益,而不分區立委則傾向於維護政黨的利益,與本研究的預期相符合。並且,有選區經驗的不分區立委,受到制度的影響,提案行為較不積極,但政黨團結程度則較高。
參考文獻: (一) 中文部分\n王業立,1998,《比較選舉制度》,台北市:五南圖書。\n王靖興,2007,《立法委員的立法問政與選區服務之分析:政黨輪替前後的持續與變遷》,國立政治大學政治學系研究所。\n李昆澤,2002,《民主進步黨初選制度的研究-初選制度的設計與演變》,國立中山大學政治學系研究所。\n林佳欣,1999,《我國主要政黨提名制度之研究-八十七年個案探討》,中國文化大學政治學系研究所。\n吳東野,1999,〈我國立法院全國不分區委員制度之研究〉,《選舉研究》,6(1): 143-174。\n胡舜基,2005,《我國立法院全國不分區委員制度之研究(1992~2004)》,國立台灣師範大學政治學系研究所。\n盛杏湲,1999,《立法委員的代表行為》,計畫編號:NSC88-2414-H-004-023,台北:行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫。\n------,2000a,〈政黨或選區?立法委員的代表取向與行為〉,《選舉研究》,7(2): 37-70。\n------,2000b,《立法委員的代表行為(Ⅱ)》,計畫編號:NSC89-2414-H-004-031,台北:行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫。\n------,2005a,《政黨的國會領導:臺灣政黨輪替前後的比較》,計畫編號:(NSC94-2414-H-004-028),台北:行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫。\n------,2005b,〈選區代表與集體代表:立法委員的代表角色〉,《東吳政治學報》,21:1-40。 \n------,2006-2007,《選區、政黨與立法委員的三角關係》,計畫編號:NSC95-2414-H-046-MY3,台北:行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫。\n------,2008b,〈政黨的國會領導與凝聚力-2000年政黨輪替前後的觀察〉,《臺灣民主季刊》,5(4),1-46。\n陳佳吉,2000,〈國、民兩黨提名制度演變之研析〉,《復興崗學報》,71,89-143。\n黃秀端,1994,〈選區服務〉,台北:唐山出版社。\n------,2000,〈立法院內不同類型委員會的運作方式〉,《東吳政治學報》,11:35-70。\n------,2004,〈政黨輪替前後的立法院內投票結盟〉,《選舉研究》,11(1),1-32。\n黃德福,2001,〈立法院委員會資深制之建立〉,《國政研究報告》,台北:財團法人國家政策研究基金會。\n黃麗香,1999,〈國會政黨的組織誘因與立法團結:以第二屆立法院為例的探討〉,東吳大學政治學系碩士論文。\n羅清俊,2002,〈立法院常設委員會審查功能之實證研究-委員會資深程度與不分區立委角色的影響〉,《月旦法學雜誌》,86: 36-61。\n(二) 英文部分\nBatto, Nathan F. 2005. “Electoral Strategy, Committee Membership, and Rent\n Seeking in the Taiwanese Legislature, 1992-2001.” Legislature Studies Quarterly. \n 30(1): 43-62.\n------. 2009. “Party Cohesion in Roll Call Votes among District and List \n Legislators in Taiwan, 1993-2007.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the\n Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago. \nBawn, K., and Thies, M.F., 2003. “A Comparative Theory of Electoral Incentives:\n Representing the Unorganized under PR, Plurality and Mixed-Member Electoral \n Systems.” Journal of Theoretical Politics. 15(1): 5-32.\nCain, Bruce, John A. Ferejohn, and Morris P. Fiorina. 1984. “The constituency Service Basis of the Personal Vote for U.S. Representatives and British Members of Parliament.” American Political Science Review. 78(1): 110-125.\n------. 1987. The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.\nCarey, John and Mathew S. Shugart. 1995. “Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: a Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas.” Electoral Studies. 14: 419-439.\nCox, Karen E., and Schoppa Leonard J. 2002. “Interaction Effects in Mixed-Member \n Electoral Systems: Theory and Evidence From Germany, Japan, Italy.” \n Comparative Political Studies. 35(9): 1027-1053.\nCrisp, Brian F., Maria C. Escobar-Lemmon, Bradford S. Jones, Mark P. Jones, and\n Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson. 2004. “Vote-Seeking Incentives and Legislative\n Representation in Six Presidential Democracies.” The Journal of Politics. 66(3):\n 823-846.\nCrisp, Brian F. 2007. “Incentives in Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: General \n Election Laws, Candidate Selection Procedures, and Cameral Rules.” Comparative \n Political Studies. 40(12): 1460-1485.\nFenno, Richard. 1973. Congressmen in Committees. Boston: Little, Brown.\n------. 1978. Home Style: Home Members in Their Districts. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company.\nFerrara, Federico. 2004. “Frogs, Mice, and Mixed Electoral Institutions: Party Discipline in the XIV Italian Chamber of Deputies.” Journal of Legislative Studies. 10(4): 10-31.\nFerrara, Federico, Herron Erik S., and Nishigawa M. 2005. Mixed Electoral Systems: Contamination and Its Electoral Consequences. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.\nFiorina, Morris. 1989. Congress: Keysotne of the Washington Establishment. 2nd ed. New Heaven: Yale University Press. \nGallagher, Michael and Michael Marsh. 1988. Candidate Selection in Comparative Perspective: The Secret Garden of Politics. London: SAGE.\nHaspel, Moshe, Thomas F. Remington, and Steven S. Smith. 1998. “Electoral Institutions and Party Cohesion in the Russian Duma.” The Journal of Politics. 60(2): 417-439.\nHazan, Reuven Y. 1999. “Constituency Interests Without Constituencies: The Geographical Impact of Candidate Selection on Party Organization and Legislative Behavior in the 14th Israeli Knesset, 1996-99.” Political Geography. 18:791-811.\n------. 2000. “Yes, Institutions Matter: The Impact of Institutional Reform on Parliamentary Member and Leaders in Israel.” In The Uneasy Relationships Between Parliamentary Members and Leaders, eds. D. L. Lawrence and R. Y. Hazan. London: Frank Cass.\nHerron, Erik S. 2002. “Mixed Electoral Rules and Party Strategies: Responses to Incentives by Ukraine’s Rukh and Russia’s Yabloko.” Party Politics. 8(6): 719-733.\nHirano, Shigeo. 2006. “Electoral Institutions, Hometowns, and Favored Minorities:Evidence from Japanese Electoral Reforms.” World Politics.59:51-82.\nJun, Hae-Won and Simon Hix. 2010. “Electoral Systems, Political Career Paths and\n Legislative Behavior: Evidence from South Korea’s Mixed-Member System.”\n Japanese Journal of Political Science. 11(2):153-171.\nKerevel, Yann. 2010. “The Legislative Consequences of Mexico’s Mixed-Member \n Electoral System, 2000-2009.” Electoral Studies. 29: 691-703.\nKingdon, John W. 1977. “Models of Legislative Voting.” Journal of Politics. 39:563-595.\nKulishek, Michael, and Brian Crisp. 2001. “The Legislative Consequences of MMP Electoral Rules in Venezuela.” In Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Matthew Shugart and Martin Wattenberg, eds. New York: Oxford university Press.\nLancaster, Thomas D., and David W. Patterson. 1990. “Comparative Pork Barrel Politics: Perceptions from the West German Bundestag.” Comparative Political Studies. 22(4): 458-477.\nLoewenberg, Gerhard, and Samuel C. Patterson. 1979. Comparing Legislatures. New York: University Press of America, Inc.\nMayhew, David. 1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Heaven: Yale University Press.\n------. 1987. “The Electoral Connection and the Congress.” In Congress, eds. McCubbins, Mathew D. and Terry Sullivan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18-29.\nMcCubbins, Mathew D., and Frances Rosenbluth. 1995. “Party Provision for Personal Politics: Dividing the Vote in Japan.” In Structure and Policy in Japan and the United States, eds. Peter Cowhey and Mathew D. McCubbins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 35-55.\nMeserve,Stephen A., Daniel Pemstein, and William T. Bernhard. 2010. “Candidate Selection in European Parliament Election” April 19. http://www.danpemstein.com/files/CandidateProject.pdf. (June 4, 2011).\nMűller, Wolfgang C., and Kaare Strøm. 1999. Policy, Office, or Votes? How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\nOlson, David. 1994. Democratic Legislative Institution: A Comparative View. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe.\nPekkanen, Robert, Benjamin Nyblade, and Ellis S. Krauss. 2006. “Electoral Incentives in Mixed Member Systems: Party, Posts and Zombie Politicians in Japan.” American Political Science Review. 100(2): 183-193.\nPolsby, Nelson W. 1968. “The Institutionalization of the U.S. House of Representatives.” Reprinted in McCubbins, Mathew D. and Terry Sullivan. eds. Congress. 1987. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\nPutnam, Robert D. 1976. The Comparative Study of Political Elites. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.\nRanny, Austin. 1981. “Candidate Selection” In David Butler, Howard R. Penniman, and Austin Ranny, Eds., Democracy at the Polls. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute.\nSchattschneider, E. E. 1942. Party Government. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.\nShing-Yuan, Sheng. 2006. “The Personal Vote-Seeking and the Initiation of Particularistic Benefits Bills in the Taiwanese Legislature.” Legislatures and Parliaments in the 21st Century” Conference, Soochow University, July 7-8.\nShomer, Yael. 2009a. “Candidate Selection Procedures, Seniority, and Vote-Seeking Behavior.” Comparative Political Studies. 42:945-970.\n------. 2009b. “Electoral Systems and Intra-Party Candidate Selection effects on Legislators’ Behavior.” Paper Presented at the Annual Conference of the America Political Science Association, September 3-6, 2009, Toronto, Canada.\nShugart, Mathew S., Valdini M. Ellis, and Suominen Kati. 2005. “Looking for Locals: Voter Information Demands and Personal Vote-Earning Attributes of Legislators Under Proportional Representation.” American Journal of Political Science. 49(2): 437-449. \nShugart, Mathew S., and Wattenberg M. P. 2001. Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\nSieberer, Ulrich. 2006. “Party Unity in Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Analysis.” Journal of Legislative Studies. 12: 150-178.\n------. 2010. “Behavioral Consequences of Mixed Electoral Systems: Deviating Voting Behavior of District and List MPs in the German Bundestag.” Electoral Studies. 29: 484-496.\nStratmann, T. and M. Baur. 2002. “Plurality Rule, Proportional Representation, and the German Bundestag: How Incentives to Pork-Barrel Differ across Electoral Systems.” American Journal of Political Science. 46(3): 506-514.\nStratmann, Thomas. 2006. “Party-Line Voting and Committee Assignments in the German Mixed-Member System.” In Democratic Constitutional Design and Public Policy. Analysis and Evidence, eds. Congleton, R. D., and Swedenborg B. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. 111-130.\nTaagepera, Rein, and Matthew, Shugart. 1989. Seats & Votes: The Effects & Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven: Yale University Press.\nThames, Frank C. 2001. “Legislative Voting Behavior in the Russian Duma: Understanding the Effect of Mandate.” Europe-Asia Studies. 53(6): 869-884.\n------. 2005. “A House Divided: Party Strength and the Mandate Divide in Hungary, Russia, and Ukraine.” Comparative Political Studies. 38(3): 282-303.\nValdini, Melody Ellis. 2005. “The Demand for Information: The Effects of Electoral Institutions on the Types of Information Shortcuts Employed by Voters, and the Resulting Impact on Party Strategy.” Prepared of presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association.
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
政治研究所
96252021
100
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096252021
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

Files in This Item:
File SizeFormat
202101.pdf786.48 kBAdobe PDF2View/Open
Show full item record

Google ScholarTM

Check


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.