Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/60454| 題名: | 青少年獨處經驗及其相關因素之研究 The status and related factors of teenagers` solitude experiences |
作者: | 謝宛軒 | 貢獻者: | 胡悅倫 謝宛軒 |
關鍵詞: | 獨處經驗 獨處類型 |
日期: | 2009 | 上傳時間: | 5-Sep-2013 | 摘要: | 本研究的目的為瞭解本國青少年的獨處情況，並利用背景變項和相關因素與其獨處經驗間的關係，探索青少年獨處經驗個別差異的原因。\n本研究同時採質化與量化兩種研究方法進行研究，在質化的部份，首先對於三所高中職學校之在學學生分別進行三次焦點團體訪談，此訪談的目的為蒐集本國青少年獨處經驗之本土化意涵，並輔以參考文獻，編擬「青少年獨處經驗類型問卷」；在量化的部份，採問卷調查法，首先實施預試，得高中生樣本\n108份有效問卷，將預試結果分析後進行問卷修改，爾後在正式施測時，選取台灣北部地區八所高中職學生，施以「青少年獨處經驗類型問卷」、「情緒創造力量表」、「自尊量表」、「憂鬱量表」以及「學習動機量表」，得有效問卷\n933份進行統計分析。\n有效樣本經以描述統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸分析等方法進行分析比較，主要研究結果茲分述如下：\n一、青少年的獨處經驗是多元的，其中，獨處經驗頻率最高的為「分散注意力型」、其次為「回顧型」；而頻率最低的獨處類型則是「靈性型」；而青少年主觀評定「分散注意力型」為重要性程度最高的類型，其次為「隱匿型」、「回顧型」。\n二、不同背景變項之青少年在獨處類型經驗頻率上有差異。\n三、不同背景變項之青少年在獨處類型的重要性感受程度上有差異。\n四、不同獨處類型經驗頻率之青少年在情緒創造力、自尊、憂鬱以及學習動機上有差異 。\n五、青少年的情緒創造力、自尊、憂鬱以及學習動機與其獨處類型的重要性感受程度有顯著相關，這些相關因素同時也對獨處類型的重要性感受程度有顯著的預測性。\n本研究根據研究結果提出建議，供諮商輔導實務及未來研究參考。 The purpose of this study is to understand the solitude experiences of teenagers in Taiwan and explore the reasons of the individual differences of the solitude experiences through the background variables and related factors.\n\nThis research combined the qualitative and quantitative research methods. For the qualitative approach, three focus group interviews were held to discuss and explore the local concepts and meanings of solitude experiences for teenagers. Then the “Solitude Experience Types of Teenagers Questionnaire” construct was developed according to the literature and the focus group interviews discussions. For the quantified research, this research conducted a questionnaire survey. First, 108 senior high school students were chosen as pre-test samples and the questionnaires were corrected and developed by the pre-test result. The subjects were 933 students from eight senior high schools in northern Taiwan. Data were analyzed by using the method of descriptive and inferential statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. \n\nThe main results were summarized as follows: \n1. The solitude experiences of teenagers are diverse. The most frequent solitude type is “diversion”, and the least one is “spirituality”. The most important solitude type is also ” diversion”, and the second and third one are” anonymity” and “reflection”.\n2. Teenagers with different backgrounds were significantly different in the frequency of solitude types. \n3. Teenagers with different backgrounds were significantly different in the importance of solitude types. \n4. Teenagers with different frequency of solitude types were significantly different in the extent of emotional creativity, self-esteem, depression and the motivation of learning. \n5. The emotional creativity, self-esteem, depression and the motivation of learning are significantly correlated with the importance of solitude type of teenagers, and there are also some significant predictabilities among them.\n\nFinally, based on the findings of the study, the researcher made some practical strategies for education and some suggestions for further studies.\n\nKey words: solitude experience, solitude types |
參考文獻: | 一、中文部份： \n\n王以仁（1991）。學習與生活滿意度與大學生寂寞問題之相關研究。嘉義師院學報，5，1-44。\n\n何懷碩（1998）。孤獨的滋味。台北縣：立緒文化。\n\n余民寧（2007）。從幽谷邁向顛峰之路－教師心理健康之研究（I）。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告（報告編號：NSC-96-2413-H-004-015），未出版。\n\n呂嘉偉（2008）。 青少年靈性健康與自尊之相關研究。 國立新竹教育大學人資處教育心理與諮商碩士論文，未出版，新竹市。\n\n李玉嬋（1996）。孤獨現象初探及其輔導。諮商與輔導，124，11-16。\n\n李若瑜（2009）。大學生希望感、建設性思考與情緒創造力對創造風格影響之路徑模式。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。\n\n沒手機不能活排行榜 台灣居冠（2009年9月4日）。路透社。2009年9月4日 ，取自： http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/090904/16/1qhhr.html\n\n范振義（2006）。大學生身體活動、情緒智力及自尊心之關係研究。國立中正大學運動與休閒教育所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義縣。 \n\n張高賓（2005）。兒童及青少年憂鬱篩選量表編製及其應用之研究。國立高雄師範大學諮商與輔導研究所博士論文，未出版，高雄市。\n\n張嚶嚶譯（2009）。A. Storr 著（1988）。孤獨（Solitude：A return to the self ）。台北市：八正文化。\n\n梁永安譯（1997）。P. Koch 著（1994）。孤獨：一個哲學的交會（Solitude: A Philosophical Encounter ）。台北縣：立緒文化。\n\n連廷嘉（2005）。青少年憂鬱量表編製之研究。台東大學學生輔導中心研究報告。\n\n郭娉如（2008）。大學生社交焦慮傾向、反芻思考、寂寞感及網路使用時間之相關研究。 國立交通大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，新竹市 。\n\n陳坤虎（2001）。青少年自我認同與父母管教態度及自尊之關係。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。\n\n陳玲玲（2007）。青少年自我概念因應與其憂鬱之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學諮商與輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。\n\n陳姵君（2008）。青少年依附關係、自我認同、獨處能力與情緒調節之關係。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。\n\n陳淑芬（2003）。國中生獨處能力與主觀生活壓力.身心健康之關係研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。\n\n陳靜怡（2005）。大專生獨處狀態及其與身心健康之關係。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。\n\n傅振焜譯（1999）。E. S. Buchholz 著（1997）。孤獨的呼喚（The call of solitude: alonetime in a world of attachment）。台北市：平安文化。\n\n彭寶瑩（1992）：青少年疏離感與犯罪傾向關係之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。\n\n黃于芬（2007）。大學生人際壓力、自我壓力、獨處偏好、獨處經驗與憂鬱傾向關係之研究。國立新竹教育大學教育心理與諮商研究所碩士論文， 未出版，新竹市。\n\n黃菁菁 （2009年7月25日 ）。耍孤僻 日年輕人躲廁所用餐。 中國時報 。2009年7月26日 ，取自：http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/090726/4/1nrr8.html\n\n楊晴如（2009）。大學生生活壓力、解釋風格與情緒幸福感之關係研究。 國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。\n\n劉靜宜（2002）。高中學生學習動機、學習策略、求助行為與學業成就之研究。 國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，彰化市。\n\n蔡玉慧（2007）。 青少年的孤獨及其相關因素之研究。 國立高雄師範大學教育學系博士論文。\n\n蔡芬芳（1994）。自尊對自利歸因的影響：自我概念內容與結構的交互作用。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。 \n\n蘇文進（2006）。青少年網路使用與寂寞感相關因素研究－以雲林縣高中職學生為例。國立中正大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義縣。\n\n二、外文部份：\n\nAltman, I. (1975). The environment and social behavior. Monterey, CA. Brooks/Cole.\n\nAltman, I. (1977). Privacy regulation: Culturally universal or culturally specific? Journal of social issues, 33, 66-84.\n\nAmabile, T.M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York: Springer-Verlag. \n\nAverill, J. R. (1999). Individual differences in emotional creativity: Structure and correlates. Journal of Personality, 67(2), 331-371.\n\nBall, D. W. (1975) . Privacy, Publicity, Deviance and Control. Pacific Sociological Review, 18, 259-278. \n\nBarabasz, M. (1991). Imaginative involvement in Antarctica: Application to life in space. In Harrison, A. A., Clearwater, Y. A., and McKay, C. P. (Eds.), From Antarctica to outer space: Life in isolation and confinement. (pp.209-215). New York: Springer-Verlag.\n\nBates, A. P. (1964). Privacy—A useful concept? Social Forces, 42(4), 429-434.\n\nBaumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.\n\nBerlin, L. J. (1990). Infant-mother attachment, loneliness, and the ability to be alone \nin early childhood. Pennsylvania State University Master Thesis. \n\nBogdan, R. J. (2000). Minding minds. Cambridge, MA: MIT.\n\nBond, D. L. (1990). Loneliness and solitude: Some influences of object relations on experience of being alone. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.\n\nBuchholz, E. S. (1997). The call of solitude: alonetime in a world of attachment. N.Y.: Simon & Schuster.\n\nBuchholz, E. S. & Chinlund, C. (1994). En route to harmony of being: Viewing aloneness as a need in development and child analytic work. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 11(3), 357-374. \n\nBuchholz, E. S. & Tomasi, S. (1994). Differentiating aloneness from loneliness: The \nalone state in theory and research. New York University manuscript. \n\nBuchholz, E. S. & Catton, R. (1999). Adolescents’ perceptions of aloneness and loneliness. Adolescence, 34(133), 203-213.\n\n\nBuger, J. M. (1995). Individual differences in preference for solitude. Journal of Research in Personality, 29, 85-108.\n\nBuger, J. M. (1998). Solitude. In Encyclopedis of mental health (Vol.3, pp. 563-569). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.\n\nColeman, J. (1974). Relationships in adolescence. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.\n\nCsikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper-Collins.\n\nCsikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Living well: The psychology of everyday life. London: Phoenix.\n\nCsikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1984). Being adolescent: Conflict and growth in \nthe teenage years. New York: Basic. \n\nDelle Fave, A., & Larson, R. (1986). Solitude, creativity and cultural evolution. In F. Massimini & P. Inghilleri (Eds.), L’experienza quotidiana: Teoria e metodo di analisi, Milan: Franco Angeli Editore.\n\nDerlega, V. J., & Chaikin, A. L. (1977). Privacy and self-disclosure in social relationships. Journal of social issues, 33, 102-115.\n\nDevries, M. W., Delespaul, P., & Dijkman-Case, C. I. M. (1987). Affect and anxiety in daily life. In G. Racagni & E. Smeraldi (Eds.), Anxious depression assessment and treatment (pp.21-31). New York: Raven Press.\n\nFrance, P. (1997). Hermits: The insights of solitude. New York: St. Martin’s.\n\nFrankel, A., & Prentice-Dunn, S. (1990). Loneliness and the processing of self-relevant information. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 303-315.\n\nFoddy, W. H., & Finighan, W. R. (1980). The concept of privacy from a symbolic interaction perspective. Journal for the theory of social behaviour, 10, 1-17.\n\nFromm-Reichmann, F. (1959). On loneliness. Psychiatry, 2, 1-15.\n\nGalanaki, E. (2004). Are children able to distinguish among the concepts of aloneness, loneliness, and solitude? International journal of behavioral development, 28(5), 435-443.\n\nGalanaki, E. (2005). Solitude in the School: A Neglected Facet of Children’s Development and Education, Childhood Education, 81(3), 128-132.\n\nGoffman, E. (1963). Behavior in public places : notes on the social organization of gatherings. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.\n\nGoffman, E. (1971). Relations in public: Microstudies of the public order. New York: Harper & Row.\n\nGotesky, R. (1965). Aloneness, loneliness, isolation, solitude. In J.M. Edie (Eds.), An invitation to phenomenology (pp.211-239). Chicago: Quadrangle Books.\n\nJohnson, C., & Larson, R. (1982). Bulimia: An analysis of moods and behavior. Psychosomatic Medicine, 44, 341-351.\n\nJones, W. H., Freemon, J. E., & Goswick, R.A. (1981). The persistence of loneliness: Self and other determinants. Journal of Personality, 49, 27-48.\n\nJones, W. H., Hobbs, S. A., & Hockenbury, D. (1982). Loneliness and social skill deficits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 682-689.\n\nKlopfer, P. H., & Rubenstein, D. I. (1977). The concept privacy and its biological roots. Journal of Social Issues, 33, 52-65.\n\nKoch, P. (1994). Solitude: A Philosophical Encounter. Chicago: Open Court.\n\nKroger, J. (1985). Relationships during adolescence: A cross-national comparison of New Zealand and United States teenagers. Journal of Adolescence, 8, 47-56.\n\nKubey, R., Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Experience \nsampling method applications to communication research questions. Journal of \nCommunication, 46, 99-120. \n\nLarson, R. W. (1990). The solitary side of life: An examination of the time people spend alone from children to old age. Development Review, 10, 155-183.\n\nLarson, R. W., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1978). Experiential correlates of time alone in adolescence. Journal of Personality, 46, 677-693.\n\nLarson, R. W., Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Craef, R. (1982). Time alone in daily experience: Loneliness or renewal? In L.A. Peplau, & D. Perlman (Eds.) , Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (pp.40-53). New York: Wiley and Sons.\n\nLarson, R. W., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1983). The experiential Sampling Method. In Harry T. Reis (Ed.), Naturalistic approaches to studying social interaction (pp.41-56). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.\n\nLarson, R. W., & Lee, M. (1996). The capacity to be alone as a stress buffer. Journal of Social Psychology, 136, 5-16.\n\nLong, C. R., & Averill, J. R. (2003). Solitude: An exploration of benefits of being alone. Journal for the theory of social behaviour, 33, 21-44.\n\nLong, C. R. (2000). A comparison of positive and negative episodes of solitude. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.\n\nLong, C. R., Seburn, M., Averill, J. R., and More, T. A. (2003). Solitude experiences: Varieties, settings, and individual differences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(5), 578-583.\n\nMemling, M., & Buchholz, E. S. (1994). Psychoanalytic reflections on the need for aloneness in children’s literature. New York University manuscript.\n\nMarcoen, A., Goossens, L., & Caes, P. (1987). Loneliness in pre-through late adolescence: Exploring the contributions of a multidimensional approach. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 561-577.\n\nMarcoen, A., & Goossens, L. (1993).Loneliness, attitude towards aloneness, and solitude: Age differences and developmental significance during adolescence. In S. Jackson, & H. Rodriguez-Tome (Eds.), Adolescence and Its Social World (pp.197-227). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.\n\nMaslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.\n\nMoustakas, C. E. (1961). Loneliness. New York: Prentice Hall.\n\nNisenbaum, S. (1984). Ways of being alone in the world. American Behavioral Scientist, 27, 785-800.\n\nOliver, D. (1991). Psychological effects of isolation and confinement of a winter-over group at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. In Harrison, A. A., Clearwater, Y. A., and McKay, C. P. (Eds.), From Antarctica to outer space: Life in isolation and confinement. (pp.217-227). New York: Springer-Verlag.\n\nPedersen, D. M. (1997). Psychological functions of privacy. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 17, 147-156.\n\nPedersen, D. M. (1999). Model for types of privacy by privacy functions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19, 397-405.\n\nPeplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982).Perspective on loneliness. In L.A. Peplau, & D.Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy. (pp.1-18). New York: Wiley and Sons.\n\nPintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1991). Four manual for the use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Ann Arbor: School of Education, University of Michigan.\n\nRook, K. S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097-1108.\n\nRosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: \nPrinceton University Press. \n\nRosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic Books, Inc. \n\nRussell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480.\n\nRussell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40.\n\nSchenk, J. (1972). Urban form and the control of private life. Architecture in Australia, 61, 173-177.\n\nSchwartz, B. (1968). The social psychology of privacy. The American Journal of Sociology, 73(6), 741-752.\n\nSloan, W. W., & Solano, C. H. (1984). The conversational styles of lonely males with strangers and roommates. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 293-301.\n\nSmith, T. E. (1997). Adolescent gender differences in time alone and time devoted to conversation. Adolescence, 32, 483-495. \n\nStorr, A. (1988). Solitude：A return to the self. New York: Free Press.\n\nSuedfeld, P. (1974). Social isolation interdisciplinary research. Canadian Psychologist, 15, 1-15.\n\nTerrell-Deutsch, B. (1991). Loneliness in popular, average status and unpopular children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.\n\nTerrell-Deutsch, B. (1999). The conceptualization and measurement of childhood loneliness. In K. J. Rotenberg, & S.Hymel, (Eds.), Loneliness in Childhood and Adolescence. (pp.11-33). New York: Cambridge University Press.\n\nWestin, A. F. (1968). Privacy and freedom. New York: Atheneum.\n\nWinnicott, D. W. (1958). The capacity to be alone. The International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 39, 416-420.\n\nYoungblade, L. M., Berlin, L. J., & Belsky, J. (1999). Connections among loneliness, the ability to be alone, and peer relationships in young children. In K. J. Rotenberg, & S. Hymel (Eds.), Loneliness in childhood and Adolescence. (pp.135-152). New York: Cambridge University Press. | 描述: | 碩士 國立政治大學 教育研究所 96152013 98 |
資料來源: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096152013 | 資料類型: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | 學位論文 |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201301.pdf | 10.07 MB | Adobe PDF2 | View/Open |
Google ScholarTM
Check
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.