勞動合同法對外資在中國經營之影響

Abstract

追求經濟成長是中國大陸這幾十年來的發展重點，但追求經濟成長所衍生的勞動問題卻日益嚴重。雖然中國大陸在1995年頒布《勞動法》，但執行成效不佳，反而由於經濟發展，產生更多新的勞資問題。因此，2007年6月29日中國大陸頒布第一部有關勞動合同制度的全國性專門法規《勞動合同法》，於2008年1月1日起施行。希望藉由此法的頒布，能杜絕勞動者權益長期受到忽視、侵犯的情況。\n\n 《勞動合同法》之立法目的係以傾斜保護勞工之權益為主，並基於《勞動法》之基礎而具體地以總則、勞動合同的訂立、勞動合同的履行和變更、勞動合同的解除和終止、特別規定(集體合同、勞務派遣、非全日制用工)、監督檢查、法律責任、附則…等八章，共九十八條條文來規範勞資雙方之權利義務。當中國大陸勞動法令內容從定義模糊不明到明確規範；從有法「應」依到有法「必」依的過程中，必然對企業的營運管理產生影響。\n\n 《勞動合同法》之施行將對於眾多赴中國大陸從事商業投資活動之外商投資企業，在關於企業經營成本、企業內部管理、企業招聘人力及法律責任…等方面產生重大之影響及衝擊。外商投資企業在中國大陸工業增加值比重中佔了四分之一，就業人數至2007年達1583萬，對外商的衝擊為何？尤其是勞動力密集產業。所以希望外商投資企業能評估《勞動合同法》所造成之影響，針對《勞動合同法》之衝擊而擬訂完善之因應策略。《勞動合同法》實施後所產生的影響，台商應如何面對﹖希望本研究可以做為台商企業在中國大陸投資的參考。

Pursuing the economical growth has been the main policy of China for decades. However, the labor problems derived from such development are getting worse. Although the government of the People’s Republic of China passed the 《Labor Law》 in 1995, it achieved little in execution and resulted in more labor-management problems. Thus, the government of the People’s Republic of China promulgated the first national labor specific regulations, 《Labor Contract Law》 on June 29, 2007 and has put it into effect since January 1, 2008. The law has been expected to eliminate the situations of long term ignorance and offense of labor rights.\n\n The purpose of 《Labor Contract Law》 inclines to protect the rights and interests of the labors. It is based on the 《Labor Law》 and clearly specifies the rights and obligations of both parties by the eight chapters, a total of 98 Articles: General Provisions, Conclusion of employment and Termination of Employment Contracts, Special Provisions (Collective Contracts, Placement, Part-time Labor), Monitoring Inspections, Legal Liability, and Supplementary Provisions. According to the law, Mainland China will experience the china will experience the changes: from the vague definition to clear standards and from the law “should be” in accordance with the law “must be” in accordance with the process. Such changes will affect the operation of the corporation and then the business management.\n\n The enforcement of 《Labor Contract Law》 has dramatically impacted foreign-invested enterprises in China on the company operating cost, business administration, aspects of employment and legal liability…etc. Foreign-invested enterprises in China account for a quarter of the added value. Employees of foreign-invested enterprises had reached 15.83 million by 2007. What the impact will be on foreign-invested enterprises, especially on the labor-intensive industries? Therefore, it is hoped that foreign-invested enterprises will re-evaluate the impact of 《Labor Contract Law》 and formulate effective measures. With the execution and the impact on enterprises, how should the Taiwan inventors cope with? The researcher hopes the study may serve as a reference to the Taiwanese enterprises with investment in China.