不同世代下之教育報酬與能力差異

Abstract

本文採用1978年至2004年的行政院主計處「人力運用調查」原始資料，依據不同年群資料分析不同工資條件分配下的邊際教育報酬率。估計結果支持個人能力的異質性將反應在工資分配上，因此傳統以OLS模型估計的平均教育報酬率並不適當，且個人能力的異質住在較年輕世代中最爲明顯。本文亦發現在較年長的世代，教育投資對個人能力呈現強化效果(strengthened effect)，即接受教育的結果能強化個人的能力；而較年輕的世代，教育對個人能力則呈現彌補效果(supplementary effect)，即教育可補個人能力之不足，且愈年輕的世代，其教育對個人能力的彌補性也愈強。

Using cohort data generated from time series of cross section data from Tai-wan`s Manpower Utilization Survey from the period 1978-2004, this paper adopts the Quantile Regression method to estimate heterogeneous rates of return to education conditional on different wage distributions. Estimation results support the heterogeneous-ability hypothesis for wage distribution and cast doubt on the average rate of return to education calculated by the traditional OLS estimation method. The results show that heterogeneity is strongest within the young cohorts; education and ability are complements in the older cohorts and are substitutes in the younger cohorts. This implies that the younger the cohort is and the stronger the complementary effect will be between education and ability, and thus education may reinforce individuals` heterogeneity.