以科技管理觀點探討台灣藥廠之策略聯盟

Abstract

策略聯盟在企業管理與策略學中是被廣泛討論的議題之一，企業透過策略聯盟能達到降低成本、拓展通路、獲取技術及資金等多重利益，因此實務上實際運用案例也多不勝數。同樣的情況在製藥產業上也是相同的，藥廠們多利用策略聯盟合作進行新藥開發、技術授權製造、進入新市場以及產品合作行銷等互惠交換方式提升競爭優勢。\n近年來除了策略聯盟外，藥廠的併購風氣也相當盛行，惟台灣藥廠多為中小型，因此像其他國際型藥廠砸下大筆資金併購其他藥廠以獲取技術、通路或市場的方式可行性較低，因此若欲達到分擔風險及獲得互補性資源等目的，在各發展階段以策略聯盟的方式來降低風險與成本會是比較好的方式。而策略聯盟不限於藥廠間，從政府的角度出發所主導的策略聯盟，不僅能夠藉政府之手協助中小型藥廠發展，亦可能有利於國家整體產業競爭力，我國的外銷策略聯盟即為一例。\n成功的策略聯盟除了能提高企業競爭力外，中小型藥廠亦能透過與大廠的聯盟培養信任關係、塑造企業形象，進而吸引更多的合作或被併購機會。本研究將策略聯盟定位為藥廠創新及發展活動中的一環，認為策略聯盟能夠提高企業價值或作為達成藥廠策略性目的的過渡手段，如個案研究所列的二個個案發展情況。此外策略聯盟為藥廠的價值鏈活動中的一環，因此需要透過具體的管理方式進行有效的規劃、組織、領導及控制。\n本研究在觀察與分析台灣藥廠目前的策略聯盟狀態與個案研究後，提出數點建議，包括應積極尋找聯盟機會、透過聯盟尋找移轉或開發新市場的可能、強化政府外銷聯盟功能，以及從技術創新發展的思維進行聯盟的管理等。

Strategic alliance is one of the most extensively discussed topics among business management and strategy. Enterprises could reduce costs, expand their channel, acquire new technologies or raise fund, and gain other benefits through forming strategic alliances, which make alliance a universal activity during business operation. Similarly in pharmaceutical industry, companies also form alliances to reciprocally develop new drug, license technology, enter new market and market product, which are to enhance company’s competitive advantage.\nIn recent years, practices of merge and acquisition prevail in pharmaceutical industry apart from forming strategic alliances. However, as small and medium-sized as Taiwan pharmaceutical companies are, it is hard to put in a huge sum of money, like international pharmaceutical companies do, to acquire other companies for technology, channel or market. So in order to achieve strategic purposes, including reducing risk or gaining complementary resources, forming strategic alliances in every level of development, where it is necessary, is a relatively good approach to reach goal. Moreover, strategic alliances are not only formed between private enterprises, but can also find an example, Export Strategic Alliance, held by government .\nBenefits of a successful strategic alliance are more than improving competitiveness; furthermore, trust and operational performance can be made and observed between partners in alliance. By that, small-sized company will gain more opportunities to collaborate with or to be acquired by large-sized company. This research defines strategic alliance as a stage of development and innovative activity for a pharmaceutical company in its value chain, and also believe such activity are transitional for raising value and achieving strategic purpose of company, therefore it is necessary to take effective managing method for entire process. \nAfter observing and analyzing current strategic alliance environment of pharmaceutical companies in Taiwan and two factual case studies, this research comes up with several suggestions, which includes to find alliance opportunities more aggressively, to search possibilities to new market through alliance, to strengthen functions of government-leading alliance and also to manage alliance with the concept of technology innovation and development.