詩意與政治的悖反──析論「散文三大家」的文體特徵及其得失

Abstract

在1949年至1966年文革開始的「十七年」文學階段中，致力於散文創作並取得重大成績、在當時產生極大影響的是被稱為「散文三大家」的楊朔、秦牧、劉白羽。這三位散文家的創作不僅成為五、六○年代散文審美傾向的代表，他們所建構的散文寫作模式，也影響了一批文學青年，成為當代散文史上一個特殊的文學現象。本文將從這三人的文學立場、散文創作實踐及其文體特徵入手，析論其在政治方向的一致性之下，各自形成的藝術風格多樣性，並在指出其散文特色、成就的同時，分析其文學為表、政治為裏，詩意為形、政治為神的缺陷與不足。

Yang Shuo, Qin Mu and Liu Baiyu are known as "The three prose masters" during the period of 17-year literature from 1949 to the start of Cultural Revolution in 1966, who devoted themselves in literary creation, obtained great achievements and made immense impact on the times they lived in. Literary works of these three prose writers not only became the aesthetic represent of prose writing in the 50`s and 60`s but the styles they set for prose writing influenced quite a few literary youths creating a special literary phenomenon in contemporary history of Chinese prose. From various aspects of their literary stances, creative practices of prose and features of literary styles, this paper assesses the diversities of artistic styles formed individually by each under identical political orientation, analyzes their features and achievements in prose writing and points out the defects and deficiencies in their works with literature as the exterior, politics as the interior and poetic sentiment as the form.