超越「尺度」的方法──「皇民文學」與坂口零子的〈杜秋泉〉、〈鄭一家〉

Abstract

日本統治下的台灣存在著判斷優劣的「尺度」，某些台灣人透過與尺度同化而獲得日本人樣式的觀點。所謂台灣人的「皇民文學」是從「血」的觀點而得知自己「並非日本人」，而希望能透過成為「志願兵」流血一途進而成為日本人的故事。另一方面，對被評為「不以統治民族的眼光來看本島人以及『蕃地』」的坂口 子而言，在〈杜秋泉〉中認定這樣的「尺度」是「自己耗弱的神經」所製造的產物。然而，認為「自我決定」就能夠超脫「尺度」的立場不僅使以「血統」差異為殖民地統治基礎的實態的能見度消失，也強化了為「維持人種歧視的壓榨體系」論述。不過〈鄭一家〉中所主張的，「尺度」是在「寬大的八紘一宇精神」下，讓「無論任何東西都能迅速消化並將其日本化」的日本吞噬台灣文化，消滅二者（日本人與台灣人）的區隔。（換言之，便是「尺度」是能夠超越的）。然而，這不過是另一個強化補全「血的支配」這個更具象徵意味的統治基礎論述。也就是說，坂口的作品中「尺度」的超越方法可說是具有維持殖民地統治體制論述的機能。

“The measure” judging the values from superiority to inferiority existed in colonial Taiwan under Japanese ruling. Some Taiwanese gained the gaze of Japanese style through incorporating into this measure. The Imperial subject literature written by Taiwanese reminded them that “we are not Japanese” through the sense of blood. The imperial subject literature is the narrative about how they decided to become volunteer solider to shed the blood for becoming Japanese. On the other hand, Sakaguchi Reiko, who was praised as “not gazing the islanders and the aborigines with the imperial eyes,” asserted that “the measure” was made by the fragile nerves of Taiwanese themselves in her “To Shusen”. Sakaguchi pointed out that “the measure” can be overcome by self-determination, however, this universal position not only made the reality of colonial rule based on the blood discourse invisible, but reinforced the discourse maintaining the exploited system of racial-discrimination. Besides, in “the Te Family”, “the measure” was based under “the spirits of the whole world under one roof.” Digesting and Japanizing everything with vitality, it not only made Japan swallow Taiwanese culture, but erased the differences between Taiwan and Japan. It too reinforced the ruling discourse based on the blood with symbolic meaning. We can see how all the ways of overcoming “the measure” in Sakaguchi’s works function as the endorsement of maintaining the system of colonial ruling.