新聞記者如何跨越固定消息來源的常規？

Abstract

國內外許多研究均證明，新聞媒體存在著記者選擇消息來源偏向的問題，這個偏向，將導致媒體近用權的天平，無止境地傾向權力、菁英與官方這一邊；這個偏向，將直接影響媒體呈現世界真實的能力，與閱聽人對新聞媒體的信任。但現在的問題在於，學界認知此事，卻束手無策；媒體組織為維持運作，選擇視而不見，一成不變；新聞記者為求生存，依賴著一群固定消息來源而活，漠然地循著常規的軌跡而行，日復一日，年復一年。本研究將探討的，即是新聞記者長期存在依賴固定消息來源的現狀；要追究的，即是此現狀不可破的深層主因；要建立的，即是新聞記者跨越固定消息來源常規的新思考與新作法；欲達到的目的是，從新聞記者個人的改變，進而感化組織的遷移，影響新聞媒體大環境的轉變。

Numerous international and local researches demonstrate the problem of reporters choosing sources discriminatorily. This bias upsets the balance of the right of media access towards the side of authority figurehead, social elite, and government. This bias can directly influence media’s ability to portray reality and disrupt the trust of audience toward news media. The current problem remains with academia fully aware of the situation but without solution. Media organizations choose to ignore the problem without change, to maintain their standard operation. Reporters rely on some regular sources to survive, ignorantly carry on their job according to routine. This research will explore the current condition of how reporters rely on regular sources, and examine the deep rooted cause of why this condition remains unchangeable. It wishes to establish new thinking and method, which will enable reporters to prevail over the routines of relying on regular sources. The goal of this research wishes to change the behavior of individual reporter, and consequentially to motivate the modification of media organizations, and finally influence a positive transformation of the microenvironment of news media.