中國哲學文本與意象的運動─以〈莊子‧齊物論〉為例

Abstract

本文以〈齊物論〉為例，說明中國哲學文本與意象動態交織的語用運動。首先提出文本詮釋須依序遵循的「文義內在」、「融貫一致」「最小修改」與「最大閱讀」等原則，而且注意中國哲學文本特性，著重「隱喻」與「敘事」，表達「形象－觀念」，與默觀、藝術、道德與歷史種種經驗不可分割。文本在語用上的動態發展過程，表達了我所謂的動態脈絡主義，而意象及其敘事展現，則立基於中國哲學的「形象－觀念」思維，兩者可謂綜合在語用動力學之中。本文將逐段分析〈齊物論〉文本及其中引發的「形象－觀念」或意象，藉以釋例我對中國哲學的詮釋學看法。

This paper takes Qiwulun, the second chapter of the Zhuangzi, to illustrate the pragmatic movement of text and image-ideas in Chinese Philosophy. I sustain a dynamic contextualism in the reading of Chinese philosophical texts and develop a set of general rules for interpreting them, to be followed one after another: principle of intratextuality, principle of coherence, principle of minimum amendment and principle of maximal reading. Also, there is a particular rule for respecting the special characteristic of Chinese philosophy that emphasizes the use of metaphor more than concept, narrative more than argumentation, in order to express its image-ideas rather than pure ideas. The pragmatic development of a philosophical text like Qiwulun depends on the dynamic structuration of writing and reading based on these principles of dynamic contextualism, and the movement of metaphorical images and their narrative unfolding into stories or parables is based on what I call the philosophy of image-ideas, and these two are integrated into a dynamic pragmatics. This paper will analyze section by section the Qiwulun to illustrate my hermeneutics of Chinese Philosophy.