從希臘轉向希伯來的「人文」義涵？──從胡塞爾早晚期不同之「愛」的概念來看

Abstract

本文欲強調，重建人文科學是整個現象學運動的一項核心的任務，胡塞爾現象學的義涵更宜由此觀點來揭示。但做此工作前，宜先對於人文的概念在歐洲歷史的發展有番認識。本文遂先從塞內卡、海德格、漢娜鄂蘭等所提出之人文概念有著自由與開放的義涵出發，去看胡塞爾是如何與之呼應的。當我們從鄂蘭更就審美與政治判斷來看人文素養時，一方面將涉及康德、亞里斯多德、西塞羅等的相關思想，另一方面將注意到人文背後的宗教義涵。故本文認為，胡塞爾的人文概念是基於他不同的文化與宗教背景和這些背景所關連之愛的意義而演變的。

This article will point out that the rehabilitation of the human science belongs to a kernel task of the phenomenological movement in general. The signification of Husserl’s phenomenology should be exposed from this point of view. But before this task has been done, we should know how the concept “humanity” is developed in the European history. So this article starts from the conception of humanity according to Seneca, Heidegger, and Arendt etc., who show us “humanity” in the meaning of freedom and openness, and then inspects how Husserl corresponds to it. When we observe Arendt’s discussion of the cultivation of humanity regarding the judgment of beauty and politics, our treatment will refer to some relevant thinking of Kant, Aristotle, and Cicero etc. Besides that, we will notice the religious meaning behind the concept of humanity. I will argue that Husserl’s idea of humanity evolves around his various backgrounds of culture and religion as well as the different conceptions of love based on those backgrounds.