隱喻與數位文化： 由傳播與價值批判的角度省思

Abstract

數位媒介的發展讓各類資訊的複製與傳佈變得快捷且價廉。大眾使用資訊的方式亦隨之改變，相關的著作權理念因而成為不斷被爭辯的議題。支持強著作權的陣營，持續不輟地將著作權框架為財產與產權，以合理化擴大著作權保護範疇的訴求。而推動自由軟體和自由文化的陣營，也相繼建構出與財產分庭抗禮的隱喻，例如第二次圈地運動、文化生態、著佐權（copyleft）。本文描述這些隱喻之間相互牽連的情況，並說明它們在國內與國際層次上的重要意涵。

In the era of digital media, reproduction and dissemination of various types of information has become easy and inexpensive. As a result, people’s ways of using information have also changed significantly, and therefore it is not surprising that the idea of copyright has become a constantly contested issue. Those who support strong copyright persistently frame copyright as property right and demand to maximize copyright protection. In contrast, those who advocate free software and free culture construct a new set of metaphors – such as intangible commons, the second enclosure movement, cultural ecology, and copyleft – to debunk myths about copyright protection. This article described the interconnections of those metaphors, and explained their significance both at domestic and international levels.