人民幣離岸市場的發展前景： 以香港與台灣為個案分析

Abstract

離岸金融市場，早期主要是以非居民為對象提供非本幣交易金融服務的國際金融市場。近幾十年來，國際金融市場規模快速成長，同時國際金融功能也不斷擴大，而離岸市場也隨著它的功能不斷調整、擴充，發展出了許多不同的面貌。許多國際貨幣如美元、日圓、歐元也在倫敦、東京、紐約、香港、新加坡這些國際金融城市頻繁且大量的交易。\n 人民幣目前還不是主要國際貨幣，國際化程度不若這些國際貨幣高，在境外使用也較主要國際貨幣來的少，較具規模的人民幣離岸市場從2010年後在香港漸具雛型。由於中國近年來一系列推動人民幣向境外流動的政策，讓人民幣在全球貨幣的地位逐漸提升，而隨著人民幣在境外流動數量的增加，使得近年來人民幣離岸市場引起國際金融城市的關注，有些地區也加入爭取發展人民幣離岸市場的行列。\n 由於香港不但是第一個發展人民幣離岸市場的案例，在現今的發展規模上也是最大的境外人民幣中心，因此本研究透過香港發展的條件及路徑，從既有文獻的檢閱、數據的蒐集，並結合對相關人士的訪談，整理歸納國際貨幣離岸市場的發展經驗與香港發展人民幣離岸市場的優劣條件，希望台灣在開放人民幣業務之後，能借鏡當初其他國際貨幣離岸市場與香港發展的一些經驗來做為台灣發展的參考，並結合自身擁有的條件，發揮自身優勢，改善原有劣勢，把握面臨的機會，積極地克服外在的威脅。

In the early period, offshore financial markets provided non-local currency transaction services to non- residents. In recent decades, as the international financial market grows and expands rapidly, the offshore market and its function also constantly adjust, expand, and develop many different aspects.Many international currencies such as the dollar, the yen, and the euro are also hugely demanded and used in those international financial centers such as London, Tokyo, New York, Hong Kong, and Singapore.\nRMB is still not a major international currency nowadays. Its degree of internationalization and frequency of usage outside China are not high as other international currencies, but Hong Kong already develops as an offshore financial market after 2010. Due to China government’s series policies to promote the internationalization of RMB, the international position of RMB is rising. As RMB’s offshore flow increases rapidly, it gets the attention of many international financial cities, and some regions even join to develop as RMB offshore financial markets.\n Since Hong Kong is the first offshore financial market and the biggest offshore center of RMB, this study examines its development through reviewing the existing literature, analyzing data, and combining the interviews of stakeholders to sum up the merits of Hong Kong and other international monetary markets. We hope that after opening RMB’s business, Taiwan can actively learn from Hong Kong and these markets, promotes our strengths, improve the weaknesses, seize the opportunities, and overcome external threats.