從中日漁業協定論臺日漁業糾紛之解決

Abstract

1996年6月，日本批准聯合國海洋法公約，同年7月公布專屬經濟海域與大陸礁層法。由於日本許多小島鄰近臺灣，兩國經濟海域嚴重重疊，漁權糾紛隨即產生。另一方面，日本與中國在東海也出現了專屬經濟海域重疊的問題。為了規範所屬國民所從事之漁撈活動，中、日於1996年4月展開有關海洋法及漁業之談判，並在島嶼主權爭議未解決、專屬經濟海域劃界未完成的情況下，簽訂了漁業協定。本文的研究目的即在探討中日漁業協定的談判經過與協定內容，希望藉此了解日本在海域劃界與漁業協定談判時所主張之論點、該論點之依據，以及談判過程所使用的策略，以作為解決臺日漁業糾紛的參考與借鏡。

In June of 1996, Japan sanctioned the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and later announced the law on the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf. Many islands belonging to Japan are in proximity to Taiwan; the exclusive economic zone of two countries overlapped seriously, and the fisheries disputes are frequent. In addition, Japan and China also have the same problem in the East China Sea. In order to manage fishing activities, China and Japan have engaged in negotiations on the law of the sea and fishery in April, 1996. They signed the fisheries agreement under the situation when the issues of island sovereignty and maritime delimitation were unresolved. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the negotiation process and the content of Sino-Japanese fisheries agreement, hoping to understand the claims of Japan, the basis of the claims, and its negotiation strategies. The prospect of this study is to offer inspiration for Taiwan.