中國大陸改革開放後的社會學--從發展社會學的角度評估

Abstract

本研究計畫乃國立政治大學「大陸人文社會科學發展研究評估」大型計畫之子計畫,目的在由發展社會學的角度評估大陸社會學界近十年來的研究成果。大陸社會學恢復於一九七九年,本身與改革開放政策形成同步發展的關係,本研究特選擇和社會學相關的三個層面,探討學者們對中國大陸改革開放過程所出現問題的研究取向與實際結果。 (一)意識形態與理論建構層面:(顧忠華部分)整體而言,大陸社會學的理論教學和研究,不脫為改革開放政策提供意識形態正當性的性質,但其間亦有試圖在學理上突破既定框架的努力。本研究意欲追蹤大陸社會學理論方面進行過的多種嘗試,分析其成果並加以評估,同時將旁及理論思想與文化或意識形態因素的相互關連性,釐清其中的曲折脈絡。 (二)農村經濟與社會發展層面:(劉雅靈部分)從發展社會學的觀點對大陸農村經濟發展的研究進行評估。焦點將集中在大陸學者的研究涵括那些農村地區?探討與關心的問題包括那些?資料蒐集到什麼程度?是否進行發展不同地區之間的比較研究?大陸學者採用何種發展社會學的概念或理論作為分析架構來解釋大陸的農村發展?換言之,大陸學者是否能超越政治意識形態的控制,以客觀的態度從事研究與解釋?< (三)改革開放策略與空間佈局層面:(陳小紅部分)改革開放對中國大陸所造成的影響,有兩方面特別值得關注:一是空間(區域)上「不均衡」的發展;二是納入國際資本主義分工體系後所扮演的角色,及伴隨而來的「政治」與「經濟」間之矛盾。本研究擬就區域發展之觀點,探討前者與其長久以來標榜之「區域均衡發展策略」如何協調的問題;同時也試圖以依賴和世界體系理論角度探討第二項課題,檢驗大陸學者對本身發展策略的研究成果。 Since the introduction of economic reform in late 1978, China has undergone an impressive socio-economical transformation. This speedy change process has aroused abundant research projects undertaken by mainland sociologists. The purpose of our research is to evaluate the research results and possible contributions made by mainland sociologists in a decade to the field of "sociology of development". We focus on three aspects of mainland development: (1) The ideological and theoretical foundation of reform policy: The rehabilitation of sociology in Mainland China run almost parallel with economic reform in 1979, and sociology might provide not only theoretical foundations but legitimation for the economic reform. This part of study attempts to examine the process of theoretical reconstruction undertaken by mainland sociologists and explore its ideological implication, and the relationship between theoretical knowledge and social reality. (2) The development of rural society: This part is to explore and appraise the research works on the Chinese rural economy, undertaken by the mainland scholars in the reform era, from the perspective of sociology of development. It is first to find out the mainland scholars` concerned issues of Chinese rural economy shown in their research works. It is also interested in the extent to which data in this field is collected and the comparison of various regions is undertaken. Moreover, we would like to know in what theory and concept the mainland scholars might use to explain the development of Chinese rural economy in the reform era. In other words, we would like to find out that whether the mainland scholars are able to transcend their ideological imperative to objectively conduct researches and engage impartial explanations. (3) The imbalanced growth strategy and regional development: The imbalanced growth strategy experimented by Mainland authority over the past ten years caused two major developmental problems: one is the growing spatial disparities; the other is the intensifying contradiction between her political ideology and economic pragmatism. This part of project applying regional development viewpoint, on the one hand, will try to compile up a set of regional disparity indicators; on the other hand, utilizing dependency and world system perspective, it will explore the already existed contradiction between her political and economic pursuits brought about by reform policy.