探討有關敬語動詞「いたす」的若干用法

Abstract

本論文探討敬語動詞「いたす」的「使用場面」、「主語」及「いたす」的性格等若干用法後，得知以下結果。 ①常用於公開場面及半公開場面，同時也用於私人場面。 ②用於正式公開場面時，說話者與聽者之間大多出現在「初次見面」的場合，但是在半公開場面以及私人場面中也同樣出現「初次見面」及「非初次見面」的用法。 ③「いたす」的主語可用第1人稱、第3人稱、不特定多數者及無生物者，但「お～いたす」的主語只限用第1人稱。 ④「いたす」的敬意表達對象是「聽者」，而「お～いたす」則是「聽者」和「行為所指之對象」。 ⑤當敬意表達對象不存在時，不宜使用「お～いたす」。 ⑥現代日語中，「いたす」「お～いたす」文的結尾常用「～ます」的形態。

This paper aims to investigate the use and function of Japanese honorifics from the aspects of occasion, subject, and the features of the honorifics. We get major findings as follows: 1. Honorifics are use mostly in formal or informal public occasions, and sometimes In private personal gatherings. 2. Honorifics tends to occur in the first formal meeting in public. But in informal and private occasions, the use of honorifics is not confined to the first meeting. 3. The form of “itasu” co-occurs with the first and the third persons, indefinite plurals, and inanimates as its subjects. The “o-itasu” form, however, only takes the first person as its subject. 4. The “itasu” form shows respect to the listener, but the “o-itasu” form shows respect to the listener or the person who receives the act. 5. The “o-itasu” form cannot be uase when the recipient is absent. 6. In modern use, the “itasu” and “o-itasu” forms usually carry the “-masu” suffix.