改革開放後大陸之扶貧政策

Abstract

本文就八○年代扶貧戰略轉變為經濟開發以來四項主要扶貧政策：財政撥款、扶貧貸款、以工代賑及科教扶貧加以論述。對於其內容予以概略性介紹，再從市場化、經濟效益的推展與追求層面分析政策與扶貧目標間的矛盾，以及幹群之間產生的問題，而貧困線的介定不明所導致的政策瞄準及公平性也在本文探討範圍內。貧富的差距，扶貧官員的貪瀆和敷衍塞責，是大陸擺脫「貧窮國家」均貧狀態後，面臨解決「貧窮人口」問題的癥結所在。

Since making economic development the backbone of its aid-the-poor strategy, the PRC has adopted four major measures: financial allocation, aid-the-poor loans, jobs in exchange for relief, and aiding the poor by popularizing science and education. This paper first provides a brief introduction to these measures, then discusses both from the perspectives of marketization and the pursuit of economic results their contradictions with aid-the-poor objectives and the conflicts between the cardres and the masses caused by their implementation. Also analyzed are questions related to scope and fairness that result from an indistince definition of the poverty line. The gap between rich and poor and cadres` corruption and irresponsibility are the core problems that the PRC must deal with in order to solve the “poor population” issue after it has overcome” common poverty.”