都市化對災害管理的影響：以菲律賓的颱風為例

Abstract

在現今的21世紀存在著兩個相當重要的里程碑 ─ 第一，全世界的總人口數將達到70億；第二，全世界將有一半的人口居住在城市裡。都市化，或者說是人口從鄉下遷移到都市的過程，為開發中國家帶來了許多弊大於利的負面影響。有許多天然災害頻繁且劇烈的發生在21世紀，這些增加的受影響人口和更容易遭受嚴重影響的社會跟經濟，顯示出為了減少災害影響的範圍程度以及損失，強烈災害管理系統是否有有完善的準備來對抗天然災害是個非常重要的課題。本研究著重於菲律賓的都市化過程，菲律賓是一個西元2000年都市成長率最高的國家，同時也是世界上最容易受到颱風侵害的國家之一。本篇分析了在菲律賓的都市化過程中有哪些重要的元素會削弱它的災害管理。並針對在人口遷移的過程中如何減少對災害管裡的影響提出解決方法。\n\n關鍵字:亞洲，災害管理，馬尼拉大都會，自然災害，菲律賓，颱風，都市化

Two milestones were reached in the 21st century – first, the world’s total population reached seven billion; and second, already half of the world’s total population was living in urban areas. Urbanization, or this process of populations migrating from rural to urban areas, has brought more negative than positive outcomes in developing countries. Coupled with the increase in frequency and intensity of natural disasters also in the 21st century, along with the increase in the number of people affected and the severity of socio-economic impacts mean that strong disaster management systems that are able to prepare for and respond to natural disasters are important in order to decrease impacts as well as respond to the needs of those affected. This research focuses on the urbanization process of the Philippines, a country that had the highest annual urban growth rate in the 2000s, and is also one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to typhoons. It analyzes the Philippines’ urbanization process, which is the critical factor that has weakened its disaster management. Solutions to address urbanization in order to mitigate its negative effects on disaster management are also provided.\n\nKey Words: Asia, Disaster Management, Metropolitan Manila, Natural Disasters, Philippines, Typhoons, Urbanization