性別與台灣的社會保險

Abstract

本研究是一個初步探索性研究,資料的收集與整理是本研究的主要目的。這主要是因為我國社會保險實際實施上的性別差異,不能由制度設計的原則或法令規定的探討得知。而我國社會保險的官方統計又有「性別盲點」的缺陷,關於性別的資訊極為缺乏。因此,本研究一方面企圖有系統的收集和整理我國勞保關於性別的統計數字,以作為未來研究的基礎。另一方面也對職業工會和被保險人進行初步的訪談,以了解非就業男性與女性進入勞保體系的方式,以及全民健保實施後的影響。研究結果發現,個人的社會關係網絡,是許多非就業、或是在非正式部門就業的男、女,進入勞保體系的重要基礎。而全民健保實施後,這些被保險人的投保方式將逐漸改變,長期而言可能影響職業工會的生存發展。

This is an explorative study, of which the main purpose is to collect the statistics of gender difference on the labor insurance in Taiwan. This is because the actual implementation of the labor insurance in Taiwan is quite different from the stipulation of the law. And the statistics of labor insurance published by the Taiwanese government is gender-blinded, which gives very little information regarding the gender difference. Therefore part of the study is to generate and present systematically the statistics of gender difference on the labor insurance, based on which further study of labor insurance with a feminist perspective can be carried out in the future. This study also conducted interviews with some occupational unions and the male and female insured, in order to gain a primitive knowledge of, first, how the unemployed and those work in the informal sectors, who should not be covered by the labor insurance according to the law, get access to the labor insurance system; and second, what is the impact of the newly implementation of the national health insurance. It is found that the personal social network provided an important basis on which the above insured can get access to the labor insurance system. It is also found that, with the implementation of the national health insurance, these insured will withdraw from the labor insurance gradually, which may affect the existence of occupational unions in the long run.