非營利組織政策倡議之研究－以2008-2014年台南老屋欣力為例

Abstract

近年來，台灣文化資產保存運動逐漸從單點的凍結式保存，轉而強調人文價值與整體環境的動態式保存，以城市保存為宗旨的財團法人古都保存再生文教基\n金會(以下簡稱「古都基金會」)於2008年開始在台南推動「老屋欣力」，經過這幾年的努力，老屋欣力風潮逐漸在全台各地擴散，成為城市保存最具代表性的案例之一。本研究老屋欣力為個案，從政策倡議的角度出發，採取個別深度訪談法，針對古都基金會、相關政府部門以及民間的學者和老屋經營者進行訪談，以探討古都基金會採取的倡議策略有哪些、在倡議過程中面臨到的困境，以及老屋欣力對政策制度和社會大眾所帶來的影響，做為將來非營利組織進行政策倡議之參考。\n 本研究經過資料蒐集後發現，老屋欣力之所以受到關注，可歸納出外在環境因素、古都基金會本身的特質和老屋欣力策略這三大原因，而老屋欣力不但改變民眾對於保存的觀念、吸引越來越多人投入老屋活化，同時也促使台南市政府建立老屋媒合平台、制定台南市歷史街區振興自治條例等；然而，隨著老屋欣力的蓬勃發展，也逐漸帶來了老屋商品化、觀光人潮衝擊在地居民生活等負面影響，致使古都基金會需調整倡議策略，說明了老屋欣力是一個循環性的動態倡議過程。 \n 根據研究發現，未來無論是非營利組織或是政府部門想要推動保存運動，都應避免只強調建築物的價值，而是透過生活化的策略建立人與建築物之間的情感連結。此外，本研究亦針對古都基金會提出持續加強公民意識的教育、從商業空間回到住宅、尋求其他城市保存議題、與其他非營利組織進行策略聯盟等四點建議，而在政府部門方面，也建議可以擴大老屋補助類別和增加跨部門合作的基會，使老屋欣力可以永續發展下去。

In recent years, Taiwan`s cultural heritage preservation movements gradually transform from the way of frozen-conservation of a single building into the the way of dynamic conservation focusing on humanistic values and the overall environment. Aiming at city conservation, Foundation of Historic City Conservation and Regernation (FOCCR), has launched the movement of “Old House, New Life” (OHNL) in 2008 in Tainan. After several years of efforts, OHNL raises a burst of upsurge around Taiwan and becomes one of the most representative cases in city conservation. The present thesis attempts to explore the process of policy advocacy in OHNL, including what strategies FOCCR takes, what predicaments OHNL encounters, and what influences OHNL creates. Semi-structure interviews with stakeholders are adopted as the research materials.\n The thesis finds that external environmental factors, FOCCR’s characteristics and advocacy strategies of OHNL explain why OHNL is in the limelight. Furthermore, OHNL does not only change people`s ideas about conservation, and inspire more and more people to participate in regenerating old house, but also urges Tainan City government to establish a platform for old houses matchmaking and to legislate for Tainan City Historic District Revitalization. However, OHNL’s vigorous development also gradually brings about negative effects, for example, more commercialized old houses and tourists disturbing residents. In response to the negative effects, FOCCR adjusts their advocacy strategies. In this way, OHNL is viewed as a dynamic advocacy process.\n Based on the previous findings, in the future, both non-profit organizations and the governments should avoid only emphasizing the value of buildings when they launch preservation movements. Instead, they should restore attachments between people and buildings through approachable strategies. Furthermore, the thesis proposes that FOCCR continues to strengthen the education of citizenship, promotes old houses from commercial spaces back to the residences, looks for other citiy conservation topics and establishs strategic alliances with other non-profit organizations. In addition, the present thesis also expects the government can expand the subsidy categories for old houses and increase opportunities of cross-sector collaboration. Thus OHNL can be sustainable development.\n Key words: city conservation, “Old House, New Life”, policy advocacy