土耳其成語與諺語中的禮物

Abstract

本論文旨在說明土耳其成語諺語中送禮與收禮的舉動如何反映土耳其文化。因為就呈現一個文化體最基本的價值觀、面對生活與各種事件的觀點而言，諺語是一座豐富的寶庫，是經過長久觀察、思維的結晶。 結束史上著名、歷時多年的特洛伊戰爭，並且造成特洛伊城陷落的原因，不就是一座饋贈給勝利者（神話記載中為獻給天神的供品）的木馬嗎？看似充滿善意的禮物，卻可能是陰謀詭計的一部份。土耳其諺語「會出鵝的地方不用吝惜雞」陳述的就是想要謀求大利益的人，必須付出相對來說較小的犧牲；特別是這個「犧牲」能以禮品的形式包裝起來的話，無論其目的是擄獲人心或實現願望，都已經排除了主要的障礙。Gürsoy-Naskali認為禮物具有「立錐般微妙的平衡」(xii)。贈送或收受禮物，當然可以單純只是為了在種種紀念日中表達情感與善意，目的在使對方心生歡喜；然而在某些情況下，禮物可能具侵略性、令人不安，甚至成為一種具壓迫性的騷擾。

Looking back to history, wasn’t it a horse (according to the mythology a horse submitted to a God) that ended the long-lasted Trojan War and leaded to the capture of antique city of Troy. Therefore, a present offered as a mark of good will might as well be a part of a sneaky plan. A Turkish proverb says: “You must lose a fly to catch a trout”. That is, if one expects benefit, one should make sacrifice. When this “sacrifice” is decorated with a gift-wrap, heart of the target is captured and an important obstacle is outreached. According to Gürsoy-Naskali, “a present has a delicate balance that sits on a powder keg” (xii). The subject of giving or taking a present can as well be an innocent memory on a special day, demonstration of love, a sign of good will, or an attempt of making someone happy. However, the present can be aggressive, disturbing, harassing or can even become an element of oppression depending on the situation. In this study, our aim is to explain how the act of “giving and taking presents” in Turkish proverbs is reflected in Turkish culture. Since proverbs are like a treasure that presents the main values of a culture and people’s point of view in life, they came out as a result of long years of observation and thought.