審議民主與社會運動：民間團體籌辦新竹科學園區宜蘭基地公民會議的啓發

Abstract

在全球高科技產業快速發展分工，以及政府制度的配合帶動下，高科技電子產業成為創造台灣GDP 成長的首要功臣，而「科學園區」的發展模式也不斷地被複製，推展到台灣其他地區，國家級科學園區的建設投資，已被視為是地方發展躍升的契機，過往經驗顯示，科學園區在地方的設置計畫甚少遇到民眾阻力，而高科技產業對地方發展的影響，也因高科技在社會經濟的優勢主導性而忽略公開透明的討論。然而，本研究探討的案例－「新竹科學園區宜蘭基地」的設置，卻與過去科學園區發展，地方毫無保留歡迎的經驗相當不同。其中，代表社會進步力量的民間團體積極串連，引進公民會議，鼓勵民眾參與科學園區設置議題的討論，使高科技產業與地方發展的關係，第一次有機會進行公民審議。本文即嘗試在此脈絡下，進一步探討這場民間團體發動主導的宜蘭公民會議，如何在操作過程中賦與積極的社會運動意涵。透過對會議執行委員、工作團隊成員、以及相關公部門人員的訪談，本研究發現，民間團體透過籌辦公民會議，展現積極社會培力，影響公共政策的企圖，迫使優勢的高科技論述與在地主體性對話，使公民會議的形成與操作充滿強烈的社會運動意涵。在此，民間團體在公民會議上的參與不一定是被動、衝突、而緊張的，相反的，公民會議理性論証所需的知識生產，以及結構性參與程序所需的集體學習動能，可能正提供社會運動者一個有力的工具，為未來更多的社會動員而準備。

Local counties often wage high-profile campaigns to strive for science-based industrial parks in their jurisdiction, expecting that high-tech electronic development would contribute to local prosperity. However, in Ilan, local people do not unconditionally accept the science-based industrial park (SIP) plan. Instead, the local civic leaders introduce the citizen conference, a form of deliberative democracy, to encourage local people to be involved in discussions of the SIP development and its possible impacts. Different from most citizen conferences in Taiwan led or supported by the public sector, the citizen conference of Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park at Ilan (HSIP, Ilan) was held independently by the civic groups, led by Ilan Community College. Using this case study, the research paper will focus on the role of civic groups in preparing and operating the citizen conference. Particularly, the study aims to understand how civic groups would run citizen conference differently (compare to the public sector) and in return, how the characteristics of citizen conference would influence social mobilization within civic groups. This research will adopt qualitative research methods, including field observation and in-depth interviews. Through analyzing the characteristics, processes, and elements of citizen conference, the research seeks to continue exploring a theoretical dialogue between deliberative democracy and social movement. Many deliberative democratic proponents have argued that tensions and conflicts may raise when activists participate in deliberative democracy. Nevertheless, my research paper demonstrates that citizen conference could be a useful tool for social movement with its requirement for assistance of professional knowledge and strict format of participation. Through running a citizen conference, the civic groups may strengthen their mobilization network and accumulate their local knowledge to further their preparation for future social movement.