高等教育擴張後學校到職場的轉銜：學用之間的反思

Abstract

經濟全球化帶來了高度的產業競爭與變遷，無論是組織或個人都經歷了許多不同以往的快速轉變，從工業革命以來所建立起的勞動型態與相對安全的就業情境也在這波動當中產生諸多新的不確定與不穩定，進而造成許多未適當運用人力或低度就業的問題。相較於失業、薪資，教育與勞力市場連結的問題是在台灣過往的研究中較少受到重視的一環，然而在高等教育擴張與產業快速變動下，此問題將更為突顯。本文以1984-1985年出生世代為樣本，這群人正好是經歷高等教育擴張，也是當代社會中初入職場的一群，因此以他們作為教育與勞力市場連結的討論對象，顯現了當代青年教育與勞力市場連結問題的特徵。本文以學歷上「教育過量」與科系上「學用不符」兩個角度，嘗試理解這群世代眼中工作與學校間應有的關連為何、他們實際遭遇了哪些困境，而他們又以什麼方式加以回應。

Economic globalization has created intense competitions and rapid changes among industries. The relatively secured employment system of the past has also suffered from many new uncertainties. These changes further cause problems like unemployment or underemployment. Compared the issues of unemployment and wages, relationship between education and the labor market is relatively underemphasized in Taiwan. However, under the expansion of higher education and the rapid changes among industries, the issue of school-to-work transition will be increasingly more apparent In this study, we take the 1984-1985 birth cohorts as our sample. They are those who have been through the expansion of higher education. In addition, they are also the group currently in the early stage of labor market experience. These characteristics make them appropriate for studying the contemporary matching features between education and work. This paper uses two approaches to analyze the connection between school and work. First, we use the level of education to understand the gap between education and occupational achievement. Second, we use the field of study to discuss the application of what was learned on what one does. This study provides a better understanding as to what the young generation think the school-to-work connection should be, what it is, and how they response to it.