韓國公共電視工會運動發展－以2012年MBC罷工為例

Abstract

韓國公共電視之一的MBC，因新聞報導立場不公、社長金在哲利用人事權力不當解雇批判執政黨的製作人與記者，造成MBC喪失公正放送的意義，員工為捍衛公共電視的價值，在工會的帶領下，於2012年1月底展開長達170天的罷工。為了解這場罷工的前因後果，以及對台韓媒體工會運動帶來的意義，本研究透過深度訪談與次級資料分析，檢視2012年MBC罷工的事前、事中與事後經過。\n 研究發現，導致MBC工會發起罷工的事前原因，來自於MBC政治朋黨化下親執政黨立場的管理階層，與李明博政府欲將MBC私有化而影響MBC節目內容走向的舉動，破壞了MBC身為公共電視應保有的「公正放送」價值。而罷工當時，MBC工會成員的高度參與，社會大眾與其他媒體工會的聲援，促使這場罷工得以延續長達170天。可惜的是，罷工結束後，MBC不僅無力保障公正放送，阻止MBC的政治朋黨化與私有化，更造成勞資間原有的團體協約中斷；MBC工會認為，短期之內可藉由社長選任制度的改革著手，而長期則要仰賴執政者對公共電視獨立地位的認可，才有希望達到公正放送的目標。\n 另外，這場為捍衛「公正放送」而展開的罷工行動，也可發現除了薪資與福利之外，媒體工作者的「專業價值」也是工會在意的勞動條件；這就是本研究在分析2012年MBC罷工後，所觀察到工會在「民主性功能」的展現。同時，民主性功能也是未來台灣學術研究上，可以用以分析媒體工會的另一觀點。

As one of the public TV networks in Korea, MBC has lost the impartiality of broadcasting for its biased news reports and the unfair dismissal by the MBC’s president, Kim Jae-Chul, of producers and journalists who criticized the government. For protecting the value as a public TV, MBC employees ,led by the MBC union, started a 170-day strike in January, 2012. In order to realize the causes and effects of this strike, and the implications for the media union movement both in Taiwan and Korea, this study will examine the causes, the processes and the effects of the strike by using in-depth interview and secondary data analysis.\n According to the research data, the causes of the strike were due to political factions of MBC’s executive management and the ruling party, and the privatization of the MBC by Lee Myeong-Bak Administration; those two causes destroyed the impartiality of broadcasting, which was the central value that the public TV was supposed to protect. The strike had continued for 170 days with a high degree of participation from the MBC union and the supports from other media unions and the citizens. Unfortunately, after the strike, MBC was still neither able to protect the impartiality of broadcasting nor to maintain the organizational contract between the union and the management. Talking about the protecting of the impartiality of broadcasting, the MBC union considered that it could be a short-term target to reform the election system of president in MBC, but in the long-term, it needs the ruler to take the public TV as an independent media.\n Besides, through the strike which was started by protecting “the impartiality of broadcasting”, we can find out that not only the wage and welfare, but the professional values of media workers is the working condition that a union will be concerned about. And it’s so-called “the function of democracy” of the union which is a research finding by analyzing the MBC strike in 2012. Furthermore, the academic circle in Taiwan can also take the function of democracy as another viewpoint to analyze the media union.