台灣毒品防制政策成效未能彰顯之成因探究

Abstract

目標：台灣自1993年宣布向毒品宣戰以來，歷經十餘年之施行，毒品犯人數與再犯率並未減緩，反出現增加之趨勢。足見毒品防制政策有全面檢視問題癥結，重新調整執行策略之必要。方法：本文從國家治理及出監毒癮者需求兩個面向分別進行研究。經由深度訪談具實務經驗之矯正機關、毒品防制中心主管，並對7,596名即將出監之毒品犯進行社會適應需求問卷調查，分析歸納影響防制政策成效不顯的主要成因癥結。結果：影響現行毒品防制成效不彰最具關鍵的三項問題為：1.缺少常設之國家級專責機關2.中途處遇機制缺乏3.部會間防制作業程序不一，防治資訊未能整合。在出監藥癮者需求方面，本研究發現出監藥癮者社會適應最大障礙在於找不到工作及避不開毒友的勸誘。結論：毒品防制最待改善之三項關鍵問題與建議可作為政府規劃毒品防制資源投入方向之重要參考。59%出監藥癮者有工作需求，只是不易被社會接受且又躲不開毒友的勸誘終致棄守而再犯，甚值政府重視，並速採對策因應。

Objectives: The Taiwan government has waged war on drugs since 1993; however, after more than 10 years of enforcement, the number of drug offenders continues to increase steadily and the recidivism rate remains high, thereby demonstrating a need to review current drug policies. Methods: This study adopted a multi-method research approach by interviewing the directors of correctional institutions and the managers of drug prevention centers, and conducting a questionnaire survey of 7,596 drug addicts nearing the end of their prison sentences. Results: The three most critical issues affecting the efficacy of drug abuse prevention in Taiwan are: (1) lack of a permanent responsible government department; (2) lack of midway treatment mechanisms; and (3) a lack of integration among drug prevention agencies. On the demand side, 59 % of drug users require a job but have difficulty being accepted by employers; thus results in a high rate of recidivism. This study determined that the biggest obstacles for drug addicts to surmount after leaving prison are the difficulties in securing employment and avoiding temptation from drug-using friends. Conclusions: These three critical issues and the actions suggested in response to them are worth the attention of the government.