「台灣民眾黨」組黨運動及其歷史意義

Abstract

本文採用歷史政治學的研究途徑，強調運用政治科學的概念來研究歷史。在方法上則採文獻分析法，運用現有的資料來解析台灣民眾黨組黨的前因後果。本文首先指出，日本在台統治期間，係以一個早熟的，後進的資本主義帝國型態，對其殖民地台灣遂行高壓統治，具有服務帝國意志的舊殖民主義的工具性質。為了配合帝國爭雄的野心，日本殖民政府只有透過對於台灣政治與社會的雙重控制，來建立其穩固的統治基礎。在政治控制方面，採取「民族差別待遇」的殖民政策，在社會控制方面，採行從屬性的同化政策。在日本的高壓統治之下，台灣人民進行了武裝與非武裝的抗日活動。兩者均帶有明顯的民族主義色彩，惟前者既無政治信念及主義，又乏新式武器及軍事訓練組織，自然都歸於失敗。而後者在接受新式教育的本土菁英領導下，結合工農階級並運用組織動員的方式進行抗爭，因此產生了深刻而廣泛的影響。在非武裝的抗日活動過程中，台灣出現了第一個具有現代組織功能的政黨－台灣民眾黨。其次，本文運用「歷史情境理論」與「發展的理論」等研究政黨起源理論的核心概念「危機」與「現代化」來檢視台灣民眾黨出現的歷史條件，並以六W概念與政黨分類架構探索該黨的屬性，驗證該黨是一個具有外造的、有限的、幹部型的、集權的、反體制的、準革命的民族主義政黨。最後，本文從政治、文化與社會經濟等層面分析台灣民眾黨的組黨運動在台灣歷史發展過程中所產生的影響及其意義。

This essay adopts a research approach of the historical/political science, emphasizing the application of concepts of the political science to historical studies. The documental analysis is taken as a method to explain the causes and effects of the formation of the Taiwan Mass Party (TMP). This essay starts from a point arguing that Japan, a premature junior capitalist empire, enforced a coercive and suppressive rule as an instrument of Old Colonialism over her colonial Taiwan to serve the will of the empire. For accommodating to the ambition of the empire, the Japanese colonial government established its stable ruling groundwork by double means of political and societal control over Taiwan. In the aspect of political control, a colonial policy of \"Ethnic Different Treatment\" was executed; in that of societal control, a dependent policy of assimilation. Under the oppressive rule of Japan, the Taiwanese carried out their armed and non-armed anti-Japanese activities, both reflecting evident elements of nationalism. The former lost their battles due to lack of political ideologies with faith, advanced weapons and organizations for military training. However, the latter brought about profound and widespread influences by organizations of mobilization uniting classes of workers and farmers to proceed their struggles under the leadership of local elite who received new-styled education. During the process of non-armed anti-Japanese activities, the Taiwan Mass Party, the first modem party with organizational functions, was born. Moreover, this essay reviews the historical conditions of occurrence of the TMP with core concepts such as \"crisis\" and \"modernization\" in Theories of Historical Situations and Development regarding the research on the origins of parties. Furthermore, the 6W concept and the party categorical systems are applied to explore the character of the TMP, certifying that the TMP was an externally-created, limited, caucus-styled, power-centralized, anti-established, quasi-revolutionary nationalist party. Finally, this essay analyzes the influences and meaning of the party formation movement of the TMP during the historical development from political, cultural and socio-economic aspects.