鄧小平與1959年廬山會議

Abstract

1959年的廬山會議，因彭德懷的上書而引發中共黨內重大的政治鬥爭。時任中共中央政治局常委、總書記的鄧小平，雖因健康原因而無與會，但是面對此一緊要的政治攤牌，鄧自不可能置身事外。在文獻分析與訪談的基礎上，本文論點為：廬山會議前，鄧小平因腿傷而住院，但對外仍消息靈通；會議期間，鄧小平對於會議情勢與發展，除可能透過閱讀文件知情外，或也作為徵詢意見的對象。鄧小平對會議結果與結論表態的情形，現有資料多是在會議結束之後，然不能排除其在會議期間即有表態支持的可能。促使鄧小平支持會議結果的因素包括：以毛澤東為中心的權力結構的限制，鄧小平對毛澤東和彭德懷之間矛盾的認識，以及彭德懷相關做法本身的爭議性。本文既對「鄧小平研究」與相關中共黨史的認識有所裨益，也對中共官方一貫以模糊帶過的處理方式，提出有力的質疑與挑戰。

The Lushan Conference in 1959 was a very important political event in the history of the Chinese Communist Party. Due to his leg injuries, Deng Xiaoping, then Party General Secretary, was absent from the conference. Although Deng did not attend the conference, this study demonstrates that it is highly possible that Deng might not only have known the situation during the meeting, but also have showed his support for Party Chairman Mao Zedong’s decision to launch an attack on the alleged Peng Dehuai’s “anti-Party clique” in the course of the conference. Deng decided to support the official resolutions of Lushan Conference because of the constraints of the structure of power, his deep understanding of the conflicts between Mao and Peng, and the weakness of Peng’s controversial strategies and behaviors.