中華民國伊斯蘭： 當代漢語穆斯林社群發展之解析

Abstract

伊斯蘭自唐代進入中國地區後，經過長時間的在地化，遂發展出以「漢語穆斯林」為主體的宗教社群，歷經元、宋、明諸朝形成「少數的多數」宗教群體。在清朝末年，漢語穆斯林因內部宗教改革演變成所謂的「回變」，受到中央政府嚴厲的血腥鎮壓，遂進入歷史黑暗期，伊斯蘭在中國一蹶不振。中華民國建立後，穆斯林因重新與伊斯蘭中土接觸，激發出其現代伊斯蘭的復興思潮。國民政府失掉中國政權後，一些漢語穆斯林隨之遷徙至台灣，進而發展出「穆斯林次離散社群」。在中國的復興運動思潮雖然隨著穆斯林轉進台灣，但後繼無力，造成伊斯蘭教育的不彰，而在台的穆斯林也更加地融入台灣世俗化的社會，導致伊斯蘭更加衰微，社群萎縮，產生了信仰與傳統的危機。本論文試圖將漢語穆斯林在中華民國的治權下，其社群之變遷做一歷史性之探討。

Islam entered the Middle Kingdom during the Tang period. In the course of history, foreign Muslims in China gradually became localized, and developed into the so-called Han-speaking Muslim (traditionally called Hui) community. By the end of Ch`ing dynasty, due to religious and political suppression of the central government, the history of Muslim community went into its dark age. After the establishment of the Republic, Muslims resumed their contacts with the central lands of Islam, the Mille East, and got engaged in religious revival. However, when the Communists took over the power from KMT government, Muslims were forced migrated into Taiwan where they tried to carry on their Islamic revival, but in vein, as Islamic education institution failed to realize. Therefore Muslims have been forced further to assimilate into Taiwan`s secular society. This essay aims to give a critical survey of the history of Han-speaking Muslim community in both China and Taiwan from the early 20^(th) century up to present time.