鄧小平在1957年中共整風、「反右派」中之角色

Abstract

中共在1957 年發動的整風、「反右派」運動，迄今屆滿50 年。然而，對於當年在運動中特定人物所扮演的角色和責任問題，卻還有諸多不明之處。時任中共中央常委、總書記的鄧小平，晚年自承當年在運動中是積極分子，但現有的相關研究卻嚴重不足，出現中國大陸對之模糊迴避，西方僅能點到為止、不能深入的情形。在文獻分析與訪談的基礎上，本文認為，基於對毛澤東看法的遵從、自身對黨的愛護與執著，以及所任黨職與運動的關聯性，鄧小平無論在整風或是對「右派」進行回擊的運動各個階段，不但是高度參與決策，更直接經其領導的中央書記處擔任部署實施、具體執行運動的角色，作為毛澤東以外，對運動介入最深的領導人，甚至形成「主事在毛、成事在鄧」的格局。鄧小平強勢的個性與對運動投入之激情，循由黨機制對於中央各部門，以至於地方上運動的加溫發展，皆產生推波助瀾的影響。鄧小平確實在運動擴大化上負有重大的責任。本文對於「鄧小平研究」與相關中共政治史的認識，乃有補遺拾闕的價值與意義。

Although the rectification and Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957 had passed for fifty years, there are still lacking of research on some important Chinese Communist Party figures’ roles and responsibilities in the movement.Based on extensive literature reviews and depth interviews, this article triesto recover Deng Xiaoping’s obscured history in the movement. This article demonstrates that Deng not only actively participated in the decision-makingprocess of these controversial policies, but also took charge of implementing and supervising this movement owning to Mao Zedong’s orders. Deng’s strong loyalty to the Party, and his party career. Deng launched harsh attackson the so-called “Rightists” without any sympathy and due considerations. It eventually led to excessive and counter-productive results. Undoubtedly,Deng should take the second great responsibility to this serious political event next to Mao.