閩南語「e結構」的變調分界

Abstract

本篇論文以優選理論的觀點分析閩南語中「e結構」的變調分界。討論可以分為兩部分，首先，針對於變調的範疇，研究從句法與音韻的介面關係討論「e結構」的變調分界，結果顯示「e結構」的變調分界以音韻詞組(Phonological Phrase)為範疇。此外，本文也分別討論了代名詞、動補結構、帶有語意焦點的字詞，發現代名詞必須向右附著其後的音韻詞組、動補結構中，動詞會帶有語意焦點，補語則變為輕聲。帶有語意焦點的詞會維持本調，除非是附加語(adjunct)。\n 探討完變調範疇後，將以優選理論分析。本文提出韻律制約與聲調調制約：韻律制約負責解釋變調範疇的劃分，聲調制約著重於解釋輕聲的運作。針對「e結構」變調分界的劃分，本文以*ADJUNCT]PhP與ALIGN-R(FOC, PhP)，以及結構性制約(Markedness constraint)之間的排序預測，藉以解釋帶有語意焦點的字詞會維持本調，但附加語會變調的情況。另外，本文提出了IDENT-T(FOC) 與UNPARSED-N來限制未被分析(parse)到音韻詞組的聲調會輕聲化。

This thesis is aimed analyzes tone sandhi domain of “e structure” in Taiwan Southern Min from the perspective of Optimality theory. The discussion is divided into two parts. First, this thesis explores the tonal domain in terms of the interface of syntax and phonology. The analysis indicates that the tonal domain of “e structure” is a phonological phrase. Furthermore, this thesis also investigates different types of “e structure” such as pronoun, V-complement structure, and focus words. The analysis indicates pronoun is cliticized rightward to a following phonological phrase; verb is a focus word and has a base tone in V-complement structure, however, complement is neutralized;, and the focus word has a base tone unless it is an adjunct. \n Secondly, Optimality Theory is adopted to analyze the data after exploring the tonal domain. Prosodic constraints and tonal constraints are proposed in this thesis. The tonal constraints are responsible for explaining the delimitation of tonal domains. The interaction between *ADJUNCT]PhP, ALIGN-R(FOC, PhP) and other markedness constriant determines that a focus word has a base tone, except when it is an adjunct. Besides, IDENT-T(FOC) and UNPARSED-N predict that a word which is not parsed by phonological phrase is neutralized.