中共推動FTA戰略的政經分析- 新現實主義的視角（2002-2015）

Abstract

自由貿易協定（FTA）於1990年代開始，逐漸成為國際經濟合作最主要形式。尤其，當前雙邊FTA關係不僅牽動經濟合作，且已經成為各國爭奪市場和資源的重要手段，以及大國開展地緣經濟和政治博弈的戰略平臺，美、歐盟、日本等大國已將「FTA戰略」作為整體國家安全戰略上的重要一環。而對位居世界第二大經濟體中國大陸而言，必然體認到FTA競賽對於國家經濟發展、經濟安全、地緣戰略的重要性。在中共「十七大」提出「實施自由貿易區戰略」的政策帶領下，中國大陸所推動FTA牽動其經濟持續發展、經濟體制改革、戰略物資供給、區域經濟整合等面向利益。在當前大國FTA戰略具高度政、經意涵的發展過程中，必須藉由新現實主義理論下霸權穩定論、相對利益、權力平衡等角度，才能真正瞭解到大國FTA競賽對中共整體國家戰略的影響，以及中共如何透由FTA戰略回應國際新秩序的挑戰，以為研究中共FTA戰略最適切的途徑。

Since the 1990s, free trade agreements (FTAs) have gradually replaced multilateral\nmechanisms introduced by the World Trade Organization and have become the most\nprevalent form of international economic cooperation. In particular, current bilateral\nFTAs not only affect economic cooperation, but also constitute the primary means\nthrough which countries engage in market and resource competition, and the arena\nin which the superpowers carry out their geopolitic and geoeconomic strategies.\nSuperpowers such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan have considered\nFTAs as a critical element of their national security strategy.\nRegarding the role of China as the world’s second-largest economy, the country’s\nleaders have undoubtedly acknowledged the significance of FTA competition for China’s\neconomic development, economic security, and geostrategy. At the 17th National\nCongress of the Communist Party of China, China’s leaders announced its policy for\nimplementing a free trade zone strategy, which was soon followed by a series of studies\nby Chinese scholars to provide a policy reference for the government. Their studies\nhave focused on the implications of FTAs on China’s economic development, economic\nreform, strategic resource supply, and regional economic integration.\nBecause the FTA strategies adopted by the superpowers are of high political and\neconomic significance, neorealism—particularly hegemonic stability theory and the\nconcepts of relative gain and the balance of power—constitutes the optimal approach\nto understanding how FTA competition among the superpowers has influenced China’s\nnational security strategy and how China applies its FTA strategy to respond to the new\ninternational order.