非洲婦女政治參與及政治代表：盧安達與甘比亞的案例比較

Abstract

女性的政治參與及政治代表的落實在性別平權上具有重要的意義。在歷史上，男性主宰政治已經好幾個世紀，然而近十年來，不管在西方或是非洲－女性政治參與比例最低的大陸，都能看到改變。目前，盧安達為最多女性參與議院會議的國家，參與眾議院的女性有63.8%，而參議院有38%為女性。另一方面，其他國家像是甘比亞，一直以來在女性政治參與處於落後的情形，國家的議會代表中，只有9.4%的女性參與者。本論文主要討論不同國家領導政策對於性別平權的態度，是影響女性政治參與的進展的主要原因。

Women’s political participation and representation is crucial for gender equality to be attained. Politics in the world has always been male dominated for centuries. However, recent decades have seen improvements not only in the Western world but Africa as well, a continent that had occupied the bottom rankings of women’s political representation for long. Currently, the leading country in female-dominated parliaments is Rwanda with 63.8% women in its Chamber of Deputies and 38% in the Senate. On the other hand, countries like The Gambia have been lagging behind in women’s political participation and representation for decades, and only 9.4% women are presently represented in the country’s parliament. This thesis argued that the different levels of national leadership’s political will to gender equality in each country is the key determinant of progress in women’s political participation and representation in decision-making bodies in both respective countries.