補助人文及社會科學研究圖書計畫規劃主題：經濟艱困時期的政治─俄羅斯、中東歐、東南歐及中亞國家的挑戰與因應

Abstract

冷戰時期，國際間呈現兩極體系，以美國為首的資本主義經濟體制與前蘇聯為首的 共產體制互別苗頭，雙邊經濟體制不相往來合作。1971 年，美國受到國際收支赤字影響， 以及國際間對於美元的拋售，促使其宣布美元與黃金脫鉤，布林頓森林體系遂告瓦解。 1973 年10 月，第四次中東戰爭爆發，中東各產油國緊急削減石油出口，對西方資本主 義陣營造成嚴峻挑戰，使得原先委靡不振的美國經濟再受重創，西方已開發國家的失業 人數更升高至1,440 萬人。然而相較於西方經濟體制的艱困情況，以前蘇聯為首的共產 體制陣營卻由於石油價格的上漲而大蒙其利，呈現一個世界，兩種情勢的特殊現象。 國內對於西方各國經濟體制、國際經濟危機及其國內政治的因應措施的研究不在少 數，尤其是各大學政治學系、區域研究系所及經濟相關學系的研究亦多以西方各國的例 子作為研究的對象，相對在圖書資源的配置上，亦多側重於此。然而前蘇聯共產體制的 國家與西方國家卻有所不同，尤其是在前蘇聯時期的經濟互助委員會及經濟轉型過程 中，對於這些經濟危機的國內政治因應措施亦與西方國家有別。國內對這些國家的研究 較為欠缺，相對在相關資料，尤其是俄文資料的圖書配置上亦多付之闕如。本計畫案將 與政治大學國際事務學院及隸屬於其下的外交學系所、俄羅斯研究所、獨立國協研究中 心的研究教學相結合，以期充實國內在該領域上相關文獻之不足。

International system was presented as bi-polar system during the Cold War. One is the U.S.-led capitalist economy system, and the other is former Soviet Union-led communist system. The two economic systems did not cooperate mutually. In 1971, under the influence of a balance of international payment deficit and regarding underselling of U.S. dollar, U.S. was forced to announce that U.S. dollar separated with the gold, and Brinton woods system was disintegrated. In October 1973, the fourth Middle East War broke out, and some Middle East oil-producing countries reduced the oil export urgently. It created the serious challenge to the Western capitalism countries and delivered heavy blow to the weak U.S. economy again. However, comparing with the difficult condition of western economic system, the communist camp receives its benefit because of soaring of petroleum price, present two kinds of situations in the world. The research of economic systems in all western countries, economic crisis and its domestic political preventive measure is not the minority. The department of political science, the graduate institute of area studies and department of economic also use the example of all western countries as objects of research, and these departments also allocate book resource on these issues. However, the nations of the former Soviet Union communist system are different from all western countries, especially in the period of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. Because of the lack of domestic academic circle for this research area, the relevant information, especially the Russian data is scarce. In order to enrich insufficient domestic literature, the project will combine with the research and course of the department of diplomacy, the graduate institute of Russia and CIS research center in international affairs college of National Chengchi University.