認同與信任行為的機制：從信任賽局和神經科學的觀點來探討

Abstract

信任行為會影響人們的經濟、社會與心理生活，本研究計畫企圖從一個台灣總統選舉經驗呈現的社會認同對立的社會脈絡下，來探討政治認同對信任賽局行為的影響及其腦部神經活動區反應的變異。這個研究擬整合經濟學家、社會學家與心理學家和fMRI專家的觀點與方法來探討信任機制。台灣民主化後的總統選舉始終出現政治認同對立的現像，也使得台灣民眾的一般信任也明顯地受政治認同的影響。本研究企圖使用多重方法，來釐清政治認同對於一般信任形成的機制。第一年期間將從計畫主持人所蒐集的2012年總統選舉調查政治大學1550位學生的樣本中，徵召200位同學參與認同與信任賽局實驗。這個研究將200位同學分十次完成實驗，每次20位同學進行認同與信任賽局實驗，這些參與者將完成三階段的信任賽局實驗。第一階段是標準信任賽局實驗；第二階段的實驗，電腦隨機指派具有政治認同身份標誌的trustee和trustor進行信任賽局，本研究擬探討trustor and trustee 在信任賽局中互動及信任行為選擇的變異；第三階段則是由trustor主動選擇具有政治認同標誌的trustee來進行信任賽局。一般而言，信任賽局實驗主要在探討信任行為的理性認知面行為機制，無法關照情緒面的反應。第二年計畫將在主持人2012年總統選舉調查樣本中招募40位學生進行fMRI實驗。我們將透過神經科學的測量儀器fMRI來檢試trustor面對電腦模擬trustee的四種認同和信任行動的類型，trustor腦部主管情緒報酬感知活動區的反應模式。第三年,我們將進行多重資料的整合與分析工作，安排所有研究團隊成員六次研討分析和論文進度，並最後舉辦一場工作坊和學界分享研究成果，並進行訓練年輕學者和研究生從事fMRI的社會認知行為研究。

Trust behaviors generally affect people’s economic, social and psychological life. This project attempts to explore how political identity affects the behaviors of trust games and their related brain activities under the contexts of polarized social identity of Taiwan presidential elections. This research plans to integrate the approaches and methodologies of economists, sociologists, psychologists and fMRI experts on the study of trust mechanisms. In the first year, we will recruit 200 students to participate in identity and trust game experiments from 1550 students` sample of National Chengchi University in the 2012 presidential election survey by principal investigator of this project. This study will divide 200 students into ten groups. Each experiment will include 20 students together to play identity and trust game, and these participants will finish three stages of trust game experiments. The first stage of experiment is standard trust game. In the second stage of experiment, computer will randomly assign the trustee with political identity symbol to play the trust game with trustor, and this study attempts to explore the variation of interaction and trust behavior decision. In the third stage, trustor has the right to choose trustee with political identity symbols to play trust game. Generally, trust games mainly explore the rational and cognitive dimensions of trust behavior, but can not examine the responses of emotional dimension. In the second year, this project will recruit 40 students to participate in fMRI experiments from students` sample in the 2012 presidential election survey by principal investigator of this project.We will examine the trustor`s brain activities in which emotional and rewarding feeling respond when trustor react with four types of actions by identity and trust acts. In the third year, we will integrate multiple data and analyses, and arrange six meetings to discuss the progress of collaborative data analyses and paper writings; finally, we will organize a workshop to share our research works and train young scholars and students to engage in social cognitive researches by FMRI.