關係取向心理諮商之歷程分析

Abstract

本研究旨在探討關係取向心理諮商的歷程變化，諮商歷程係指個案與心理師從開始接觸到結束諮商關係發生的所有情況。從心理師的觀點，歸納影響諮商關係的要素，含增進持續諮商的動力與妨礙諮商進行的阻力。由於研究樣本的獨特性，選取 3 位以關係取向為主的資深心理師為研究參與者，分別進行兩次的個別深度訪談。研究結果發現諮商歷程可以定義成追求「趨避衝突」人際關係的平衡過程，主要分為四個：（一）個案配合改變的付出與獲得痛苦減低的平衡，（二）適應新的緊密關係與期待正向改變的平衡，（三）來自依賴的衝突經驗與害怕失去依賴的平衡，以及（四）追求正向自我與原有穩定負向自我衝突的平衡。研究結果對諮商歷程變化有深入的理解，做為推廣諮商教育的基礎。

The purpose of this study is to explore the change process in relational approach counseling. Counseling process represents the whole situations occurring from the beginning of the contact between client and psychologist to the end of counseling relationship. The study summarizes the literature of relevant variables on counseling relationship, especially the motives of continuing counseling as well as the resistance of discontinuing from the viewpoint of psychologists. Owning to the peculiarity of research population, the convenient sampling was adopted to select 3 senior psychologists, and each of them was individually received two depth interviews. The entire interview was audio-recorded under participant’s agreement, and qualitative analysis was executed accordingly. The finding suggested that relational approach counseling process can be defined as the equilibrium of striving for “approach –avoidance conflict” interpersonal relationship, including four main processes: (1) the equilibrium of client’s cooperation and the relief of pain, (2) the equilibrium of adjustment of the new close relationship and the expectation of positive hope, (3) the equilibrium of the conflicting experience of dependence and the fear of losing dependence, and (4) the equilibrium of striving for positive self and the conflict of stable negative self. The results provided deep understanding of the change of counseling process to be the base of promoting counseling education.