從入櫃到出櫃：陽剛女同志的母親之「新母職」實踐

Abstract

同性戀處在以異性戀為主流的社會中往往被視為奇怪、不正常的一群人。同性戀污名不僅影響同志本身，它也擴散至與其親近的家人身上。本研究即源自於研究者出櫃之後與母親的互動經驗，試圖以陽剛女同志的母親為出發點，運用Denzin的解釋性互動論（interpretive interactionism）為研究方法，深度訪談六位陽剛女同志的母親，探究女兒的同志身分與陽剛氣質帶給母親的個人苦惱與其母職實踐經驗。進一步地，研究者也爬梳主流意識形態與社會政策與母親生命經驗之間的關連。最後，反思助人工作者與同志父母互動時能扮演的角色與倡議之方向。\n\n本研究的主要發現如下：一、母親成長過程中所內化的性別經驗成為她們看待陽剛同志女兒的基礎，越早接觸到同性戀議題或是擁有同性戀友人的母親，女兒的出櫃帶給她們的衝擊越小。二、越能在性別認同與性別氣質觀念上有所解放的母親，越能承接起「陽剛女同志的母親」之身分。三、母親會調整自己的母職工作以因應女兒的同志身分所帶來的議題。此外，「母職意識形態」在母親與同志女兒互動的經驗裡亦作為一把雙面刃，一方面令母親質疑自己是否因為擁有同志女兒而不是一位「好媽媽」；但另一方面，有些母親則轉化「母親」的身分，從私領域進入公領域成為所有同志孩子的母親，嘗試改變同志父母與同志孩子在社會中的處境。四、華人家庭照顧倫理的影響使得同志女兒的老年照顧問題成為母親共同面臨的議題，母親也在此種意識型態之下發展出不同的策略來為女兒的老年作準備。

Homosexuals are often seemed to be the odd and abnormal ones among the heterosexual society. The stigma is not only tagged to the homosexuals, but spread its unfriendliness to their close families. This research was originated from researcher’s own experience of interaction with her mother after coming out, trying to investigate the trouble brought by masculine lesbian’s identity to her mother, and the mother’s practiced experiences at mothers’ view, through in depth interview of six masculine lesbians’ mothers by using Denzin’s interpretive interactionism as methodology. Further more, researcher went through the connection between the mainstream ideology and social policy, and the experiences they brought to a masculine lesbian’s mother. At the end, researcher rethinks what social workers’ role should be like and how should they provide help when interacting with parents of homosexuals.\n\nFindings of this research include: 1. The gender experiences internalized during a mother’s growth process becomes the foundation of how they see their masculine lesbian daughter; the earlier a mother aware of homosexual issue or having a homosexual friend, the smaller impact she have when her daughter coming out. 2. How much a mother could bear the identity of “masculine lesbian’s mother” depends on how liberate she is to the gender identity and gender temperament. 3. A mother will adjust her motherhood in respond to the issue brought by her daughter’s lesbian identity. Moreover, the “motherhood ideology” is a double-edged sword in the interaction experience between a mother and her lesbian daughter; on the one hand, the mother question herself for having a lesbian daughter, on the other hand, some mother convert her motherhood, from one’s mother into all lesbian’s mother, and trying to change the status of homosexual and their parents in the social environment. 4. The concept of traditional oriental family makes nursing care of lesbian daughter in her elder age a common issue for lesbians’ mothers, and because of this ideology, they have developed different strategies to prepare their daughter for their elder age.