台灣國際觀光旅館業生產力與效率分析：隨機邊界距離函數之應用

Abstract

本文採用一階段隨機邊界分析法(Battese and Coelli, 1995)衡量民81-91年間台灣66家國際觀光旅館之技術效率，同時探討造成不效率之因素，並進行投入導向Malmquist生產力指數分析。整體而言，國際觀光旅館產業之經營效率大致呈現緩慢進步之趨勢。造成整體產業生產力提升之原因，主要為技術效率之改善，而非生產技術進步。在控制總體經濟之所得變數、個別旅館特性及市場特性有關的變數後，實證結果顯示，從政策面來看，隔週休二日與週休二日政策確實有效帶動國人休閒旅遊之風潮，促進國內觀光產業發展；而各縣市政府對觀光投注之資源支出與國際觀光旅館之經營效率呈正相關，顯示其有助於觀光業之發展。

In this paper, we use a one-stage stochastic frontier approach (Battese and Coelli, 1995) to estimate the relative efficiency of the 66 international tourist hotels in Taiwan during 1992-2002 and to explore the determinants of technical efficiency. In addition, the Malmquist productivity index is used to measure and analyze the range and the causes of the productivity change. The results reveal that managerial efficiency of the international tourist hotel industry improves gradually. The productivity growth can mainly be attributed to efficiency gains, but not to technical progress. Furthermore, after controlling for national income and the factors describing individual hotel characteristics and market characteristics, the empirical results show that the impact of the government policies increasing weekend vacation time have fostered domestic travel and expanded the tourist hotel industry; also, the local government`s other economic service expenditures have a significantly positive effect on international tourist hotels` efficiency.