藥師法執業處所管制之探討

Abstract

民國102年7月31日司法院大法官711號解釋公布，宣告藥師法第11條規定「藥師執業處所應以一處為限」違憲，應自本解釋公布之日起，至遲於屆滿一年時失其效力。有關藥師執業處所限制，在憲法法庭審議期間，即有正、反意見團體立論紛呈。專業醫事人員團體例如藥師公會全國聯合會、醫師公會全國聯合會，學界如台灣藥學會、台灣臨床藥學會，各自表述見解與立場。令人好奇的是，明明是藥師執業處所限制，為何醫師公會全國聯合會要參與，表示意見？解除執業的限制通常是受專業團體的歡迎，但是在本案中卻是完全相反的態勢。藥師公會全國聯合會結合台灣藥學會與台灣臨床藥學會發表強烈聲明，堅決反對解除藥師執業處所限制。學者的問卷統計，卻反應出藥師次級團體或個人的意見，又與公會、全聯會、學會相左，究竟事實是如何？\n我國醫藥發展，百年來只能用混亂一詞形容。以近百年來，由帝制轉變為民主、外國勢力干涉、中西醫之調合、醫藥法規不完整、藥學教育未能及早發展等各種原因，造成我國藥政管理直到近年才稱得上勉與國際水準接軌。這種現實上的困難，是單純由法律面向探討藥師執業處所限制時所欠缺的，也是無法完整表現本法修法的困難與未來應修正的方向。\n本文著眼於藥師執業處所限制之歷史因素、台灣目前藥事人力之品質與供需，參考日德加等外國現況及美國法，對修法後仍保有之限制與管制是否合憲為探討重點。作者身為執業藥師超過24年，且擁有製藥工廠、醫院及西藥販賣業管理經歷，將由實務面、管理面、行政管制面到法制面，逐一探討。

July 31, 2013 Interpretation No. 711 was published, which declaring the Article 11 of pharmacists Act restrict pharmacists may only practicing at single location is "unconstitutional, shall from the date of announced of this interpretation, no later than one year expiration that it becomes void. Pharmacists practice restrictions concerning the location, during the consideration of the Constitutional Court that is both positive and negative views of their respective groups declared positions and arguments based on professional medical personnel groups such as the Taiwan Pharmacist Association, Taiwan Medical Association, academia, such as the Pharmaceutical Society of Taiwan, Taiwan Society of Health-System Pharmacy, expressed their opinions and positions. Curiously, obviously restrict practicing location for pharmacists, why Taiwan Medical Association to participate and express opinions? The relieve restrictions is generally welcomed by practicing professional groups, but in this case it is exactly the opposite situation, Taiwan Pharmacist Association combine with Pharmaceutical Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Society of Health-System Pharmacy announce a strong statement state strongly opposed to relieve the restrictions of the practicing location. But scholars count through questionnaires, reflect the pharmacist sub-groups or individual views but also with the local pharmacist association, and learn the full Council at odds, what is the truth?\n\nDevelopment of Taiwan medicine, only chaos can be described . In the past century the monarchy into a democracy, foreign forces to interfere, harmonize Chinese and Western medicine, the pharmaceutical regulations are not complete, any delay in the development of pharmaceutical education and other reasons, resulting in our country until recently was called the Pharmaceutical Affairs connect with international standards. Difficulties on this reality, is simply explore the restrictions on the practice location of pharmacists by law, will be lacking, it is unable to complete this difficult performance and future direction should be amended.\n\nThis article looks at to explore the focus by the historical factors of restrictions of pharmacists practicing location, the status of Taiwan`s current pharmacy manpower quality, supply and demand, the refer Japan, Germany, Canada and American law, the limitation and control after amending the law still retains the constitutionality. On more than 24 years working experiences, author work in pharmaceutical factory, hospital and pharmaceutical industry senior management, it will be practical side of this article, the management side, administrative side to legal side, one by one discussion.