翻轉金融：台灣原鄉友善環境小農微型貸款營運模式之探討

Abstract

尤努斯開啟微型貸款的全球風潮，微貸機構如雨後春筍般出現。本研究關注台灣以原鄉小農為主要對象之環境友善農業微貸體系應如何建立之課題，從瑪納有機文化生活促進會在阿里山所推展的信德基金出發，並整理尤努斯所創之葛萊敏銀行（Grameen Bank）、國際上規模最大之網路微貸KIVA、中國大陸最大的扶貧基金會的中和農信的相關文獻，以及台灣行之有年之儲蓄互助社系統，歸納微貸系統營運模式的共同成功因子，據以提出台灣環境友善小農生態系的資金貸款機制的營運模式設計，以實踐愛護土地及促進社區發展的環境與社會價值。研究發現國際上微型金融存在多樣模式發展，共同點為小農技術輔導與微型貸款不可脫鉤；因此非營利組織之社區培力有其必要性，但微貸系統宜尋求更佳方式與金融機構合作，本研究從而提出「銀行資金直接介入模式」、「個別NPO主導模式」、「基金保證模式」及「系統風險保險模式」等四種不同設計，代表金融機構參與的廣度與深度差異，作為台灣金融機構、在地非營利組織，以及政府主管機關，如何合作發展更有利的微型貸款系統，扶持弱勢族群經濟自立，由微型金融翻轉人生，共創原鄉小農社區經濟發展之參考。

Ever since the invention of microfinance by Muhammad Yunus, there has been a proliferation in the utilization of microfinance in the world. This thesis looks at the ways in which aboriginal farmers can adopt microfinance while being ecologically friendly. The thesis adopted the case studies of Xsin -De finance developed by“Manna Organic Culture and Living Association” in Alishan Mountain, information that references Grameen Bank established by Muhammad Yunus, KIVA - the largest microfinance online organization in the world, CPFA - the largest microfinance charity in China, and the long-running Taiwanese Credit Union. By examining these various case-studies, this research seeks to identify the similarities these organizations share in their success. Based on these similarities, the author seeks to explain the best way to develop the microfinance system for the benefit of eco-friendly farmers---to attain the objectives of community development, soil protection and social values. The thesis discovered that there are plenty of microfinance models, but despite the differences in model, they all stand united in the belief that counseling for the farmers are inseparable from microfinance. They also highlight the mandatory presence of non-profit organizations and those who develop and educate the society. Not only that, microfinance should find a better way to cooperate with financial organizations. This research also highlighted “Banking financing direct intervention model”, “The independent NPO conduct model”, “Financial funding guarantee model”, and “System risk insurance model”. These 4 different models of designs demonstrated the depth and wide breath of partaking in microfinance by these financial companies. They also allow Taiwanese financial institutions, non-profit organizations and government organizations to develop a better microfinance system and empower environmentally friendly farmers in Taiwan aborigine communities to “flip” life into a one with improved socio-economic status.