誰有美國時間：男同性戀與1970年代台灣文學史

Abstract

本文指出，文學史看似一條向前行進的時間線，卻一再被「空間他者」阻撓。在1970年代本土文學中，「空間他者」往往就是「美國」：除了真實的美國，也包括台灣人妄想出來的美國人事物。在台灣口語的「美國時間」一語正是假託美國之名逃避台灣現實的荒唐時間。在本文研討的作品中，男同性戀角色經常藉著妄想美國時間，避免跟主流社會發生衝突。本文分為四節，各自關注讓文學角色遁入美國時間的四種空間：美國本土；作為美國流行文化窗口的野人咖啡室；同性戀者聚集的好萊塢電影院；灌輸美國版本通俗心理學的診所。這些地方匯集了三種另類：情慾他者（男同性戀）、國族他者、另類時間（跟主流社會進程脫節的時間，例如不可告人的性啟蒙記憶）。

This article contributes to theorization of literary history. It views literary history as a seemingly linear temporal narrative which the spatial other interrupts. Focusing on 1970s Taiwanese literature, I note that the spatial other is the actual or imagined US, which loomed large over Taiwan during the Cold War. Inspired by Sarah Ahmed’s Queer Phenomenology , I study the correspondence between spatial orientation (in this article, orientation toward the US) and sexual orientation. I adopt the term “American orien-tation” to refer to the fact that gay men as represented in 1970s literature are not only attracted to the US as a promised land but also defined by the allegedly all-American knowledge of male homosexuality, such as the pop psychology of perversion. is article examines not only male homosexual characters in texts but also those who supposedly observe homosexuality, namely narrators in the texts as well as commentators (such as Yeh Shih-tao) on the texts. e article further suggests that this American orienta-tion mobilizes not only the literary characters but also real-life critics. Both groups are obsessed with the tension-cum-cooperation between the actual or imagined US as an exporter of homosexuality and Taiwan as a recipient of the “vice” from abroad. Deter-mined by the US-Taiwan tension-cum-cooperation, the characters and critics encounter three alterities: national alterity (such as a Taiwanese person in the US or an American commodity in Taiwan), sexual alterity (embodied by a homosexual person either in the US or in Taiwan), and temporal alterity (such as a willful prospect of the future or an indulgence in the stigmatized past, all of which deviate from the linear time of heter-onormativity).