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題名: | 休謨是契約論者嗎?對高提也的“David Hume Contractarian”之批判性反思 | 其他題名: | Is Hume A Contractarian? A Critical Reflection on David Gauthier`s "David Hume, Contractarian" | 作者: | 陳建綱 Chen, Brian Chien-Kang |
貢獻者: | 政治系 | 關鍵詞: | 休謨;正義;社會契約;親社會性;效益 David Hume;Justice;Social Contract;Sociability;Utility |
日期: | Dec-2015 | 上傳時間: | 2-Feb-2016 | 摘要: | 晚近以來,越來越多的研究者主張休謨的正義理論立基於社會契約的概念上,這與休謨以批判社會契約論著稱的傳統形象相去甚遠。為評估此研究趨勢是否有助於釐清休謨的正義理論,本文聚焦於高提也的"David Hume, Contractarian"。該文的主要涵義為:第一,休謨的效益原則不同於效益主義所捍衛的公共福祉,反而與位居契約論核心的互惠更為相符。其次,高提也強調休謨思想的保守性,否定休謨具備分配正義的關懷。本文指出,休謨眼中的人性並非僅以追求自我之私利為滿足;相反地,人類與生俱來的親社會性在休謨的理論中發揮了關鍵的作用。其次,休謨並非僅關注財產制度之穩定性的資產階級代言人,在其經濟論文中,他表達了對社會不平等問題的重視,尤其是對奴隸制度的譴責。 There is a trend that forms lately in the study of David Hume`s political thought, namely an increasing number of scholars now regard Hume`s theory of justice as founded on the idea of social contract. This view deviates from Hume`s conventional image which proposed significant criticism of social contract theory. To evaluate this interpretive perspective, this article focuses on David Gauthier`s "David Hume, Contractarian". Gauthier`s essay has two implications. First, Gauthier argues that whereas Hume`s theory of justice is founded on a principle of utility, utility for Hume does not reveal the general welfare of society as what utilitarianism defends, but mutual advantage compatible with a contractarian account of morality. Second, Gauthier emphasizes the conservative tendency of Hume`s political thought, and he rejects that there is a concern for distributive justice in it. This article argues that, unlike Gauthier`s view, Hume thinks that human nature may not be reduced to the psychology of selfishness. On the contrary, men`s natural sociability and sympathy are crucial to Hume`s theory of justice. Moreover, if Gauthier took Hume`s economic essays more seriously, he would have found Hume`s criticism of slavery and oppressions. On that account, it seems not fair to depict Hume as a conservative indifferent to social inequality. |
關聯: | 政治與社會哲學評論, 55, 1-49. | 資料類型: | article | DOI: | http://dx.doi.org/10.6523/168451532015120055001 |
Appears in Collections: | 期刊論文 |
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