兩岸海域執法制度之研究

Abstract

海域執法儼然已成為全球化新興環境的核心議題，在面對周邊各國積極強化\n海洋經營管理策略及戰略部署的同時，我國更應該思考如何強化海洋政策作為，\n藉此與世界接軌，構建與各國間的等距平衡，從中獲得外交自主性，以確保國家\n最大利益。\n隨著聯合國海洋法公約的出現，為世界各國在海洋權益的維護上帶來全新的\n依循規範，各國為因應此一趨勢，均積極採取因應作為，以求國家利益最大化。\n兩岸同屬海岸線比例長的國家，且環境相似，加以兩岸文化相近，儘管在政治制\n度上有差異，但面對當今海洋趨勢卻有諸多相同點，除海域執法機關演進之制度\n走向相當外，與周邊國家海域爭端情形亦多相牽連。儘管兩岸現況仍處於複雜政\n治關係，但就海域執法合作部分，雙方都希望可以藉助發展經驗相互交流，並在\n對彼此都有利的情形之下展開合作，維護海洋權益，提升人民福祉。\n中國大陸挾著其崛起的大國氣勢，明確提出「海洋強國」的戰略目標，具體\n透過整合內部海上執法機關，展現維護國家海洋權益之決心，積極鞏固和擴大其\n海洋的維權作為。面對中國大陸積極拓展海域執法力量的同時，臺灣應如何突破\n政治困境，在維護國家尊嚴與人民福祉的前提下，尋求兩岸海域執法合作之互利\n發展，已是現實環境所必須面臨的問題。

With international communities’ awareness of marine development,the maritime law enforcement has become one of the core issues ofglobalized emergent environment. While the neighboring states havebeen actively promoting their strategies of marine management anddeploying tactically, Taiwan should consider the ways to promote itsmarine policy and conduction, to connect with the world and keepdiplomatic balance, and to ensure the nation’s interests.\n The announcement of the United Nations Convention on the Law ofthe Sea (UNCLOS) has established the guidelines for states to protecttheir rights and benefits. Hence, the states all actively adjust and modifytheir policies and regulations to seek nation’s interests. Mainland China and Taiwan both are countries with long coastlines and similarenvironments and culture. Although being different in political system,two sides have many viewpoints toward the trends of marine management in common. In addition to the similar institutionalization of maritime law enforcement, agencies of both sides are closely interconnected with the disputes of overlapping waters. Both sides express to protect their marine rights and benefits and the public’s interests by reciprocal exchange and experience sharing in regard to maritime law enforcement, both sides are still in the complicated political situation though.\n The strategic goal of the Mainland China is to become “marinepower”. The China shows the resolution to protect its marine rights and benefits by integrating domestic maritime law enforcement agencies. While facing the China’s actively strengthening its maritime law enforcement, Taiwan inevitably has to consider the possibilities and\npromotion of cross-straits cooperation on maritime law enforcement without compromising Taiwan’s dignity and the public’s interests.