宗教電視台之災難新聞呈現—以大愛新聞為例

Abstract

災難發生後，人們極度渴望災難相關資訊，電視新聞仍是災後最重要的資訊來源。然而台灣對於電視災難新聞之研究，主要仍以內容分析法，分析商業媒體為主，忽略其他屬性電視台的災難報導呈現，也忽略了呈現災難時的影音元素，甚為可惜。故本研究透過內容分析法與文本分析法，解構宗教電視台－大愛電視台之新聞當中，對於國內災難－2014年之高雄氣爆與海外災難－2013年之菲律賓海燕風災的呈現。期能透過多面向的分析，一窺宗教媒體之災難新聞呈現。 本研究透過內容分析法探究報導中主角、主題、消息來源、災難歸因與報導立場等變項，同時以文本分析了解報導中的影音運用，並且統計大愛新聞對於這兩場災難在災後半年內的報導情況。研究結果發現，大愛新聞報導災難時，立場竟以「正面」為最多，「中立」次之。對災難之歸因主要在「無歸因對象」、與「災難本身」，不傾向責怪政府、單一單位或個人。另外，包括報導主角、主題，皆特別重視災難中人類所採取的因應行動，不論災民、或是未受災者災難中的作為，與其行動能對災難造成破損有何改善與影響。畫面偏好以中景為主，而非局部特寫破損處。 本研究發現，大愛新聞對兩起災難之報導，密集期均超過一個月，且災後半年內持續提供相關報導。從災難的巨大衝擊破壞、一直追蹤到災區復原且災民恢復生計，有助於觀眾更新對災區、災民的認知，建立對災難的整體且立體之印象。 值得注意的是，在大愛新聞之災難報導中，直接與其宗教信仰相關之報導甚少，但上述大愛新聞在報導災難時的特質，皆反應出其宗教精神。故在報導災難時，主要展現「人性價值」，讓災難這場悲劇與苦難，成為得以流傳給後世的記憶。

After any types of disaster, people are eager to receive vital information concerning the event. News broadcasts are an important source that the public routinely relies on. For coverage of disaster events in Taiwan, content analysis is the primary research method used. However, according to research, the primary analysis of news reported is based on commercial broadcasts, which tend to ignore the news from other types of news organizations. In order to understand and fulfill this information gap, this study seeks to analyze how Da Ai Network, a religious affiliated station in Taiwan, reports on disasters. This paper will use one domestic (the 2014 Kaohsiung gas explosions) and one international event (the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan disaster in Philippine) as the case examples to fully understand and compare the impact of these broadcasts. The methods used in this study consists of two components: content analysis and textual analysis. Content analysis explores the position, the news focus, and the sources of Da Ai News; while textual analysis discovers the methods of recording and imaging the new events. The results of this study shows that Da Ai TV reported on these two events from a “positive” or “neutral” position. In addition, Da Ai TV routinely focused on the disaster itself rather than assigning blame to a government, organization or individual. Moreover, compared with other commercial networks, it emphasized the need for follow-up actions and support to the disasters’ victims as well as the positive influences and effects of these actions. As for the actual news recordings and images, Da Ai TV preferred to use more medium shots than close-ups to provide general situation awareness on the specific catastrophe and damage. As this report shows, Da Ai TV consistently reported on these two disasters for more than a month, and continued to provide additional updates for around six months. Not only did Da Ai Network provide the public the latest information regarding the disaster areas and the victims, but also helped the public have a more comprehensive understanding of these two disasters. Interestingly, despite being a religions oriented news organization, Da Ai TV rarely used its affiliation to promote its organizational beliefs. However, it did occasionally report using spiritual undertones to promote such things as common human values, love, mutual cooperation, and hope as part of the disaster coverage. This type of news coverage worked to not only help the population better understand these tragic events, but acted as catalyst for more public attention, mutual concern and support.