中国語から見た日本語における「非述形容詞」の可能性--二字漢語を対象に

Abstract

在日語語言學中依據形態廣受公認的形容詞有〝い形容詞〞與〝な形容詞〞兩類。本論文依據語法功能，主張〝洗面〞、〝護岸〞等詞彙亦可視為形容詞。這樣的詞彙在形態上，有時在語意上也和〝サ変動詞〞類似，實際上卻如〝*洗面する〞所見，不易做謂語用。另一方面，我們可以看到如〝洗面台〞、〝洗面所〞這樣的定語用法。在日語的國語詞典裡這樣的詞彙有時候品詞沒做標記，我們認為這些詞彙的品詞未能被把握是由於品詞範疇之缺乏所造成的。本論文把這類詞彙從連體詞區分出來，主張這類詞應可視為日語裡的非謂形容詞。並透過認知語言學之基模概念、語意擴張之有無嘗試說明這類詞彙是如何形成的。

In Japanese Linguistics, adjectives are morphologically classified into two groups: I-Adjectives(い形容詞) and NA-Adjectives(な形容詞). This paper proposes that some lexemes in KANGO such as SENMEN(洗面) and GOGAN(護岸) can be regarded as adjectives by viewing their syntactical function. This group of KANGO lexemes morphologically and sometimes semantically looks like SAHEN(サ変)-Verb. However, it cannot be used as verbal predicate. It is used as modifier such as SENMENDAI(洗面台) and SENMENJO(洗面所). In some Japanese dictionaries, it is not categorized as verb or adjective, and thus we consider this group of KANGO lexemes is not correctly classified. In this paper, I suggest that it can be classified into non-predicate adjective but not pre-noun adjective in Japanese. Also, we focus on its nonoccurrence of semantic extension and illustrate its word-formation by proposing a schema.