五個漢語方言中音節連併之語音組合制約及普遍制約研究 (II)

Abstract

此次所提之計畫「五個漢語方言中音節連併之語音組合制約及普遍制約研究II」 擬接續目前執行中的計畫「五個漢語方言中音節連併之語音組合制約及普遍制約研 究」，就所建立的華語、台語、四縣客語、海陸客語及東勢客語之連併詞語料庫進一步 做描述及理論分析，以達成完整的音韻理論研究。 不少先前的研究發現，有些音節連併的形式會違反一個語言的語音組合法，有些 連併形式則嚴格遵守語音系統的限制。在派生傳統中，一個語言的語音組合法是不可 違反的，音韻規則必須遵守語音組合的基本限制而沒有例外。優選理論對於音韻派生 開啟了一個不同的觀點，允許語音組合制約在音節連併中被違反。本次研究計畫即擬 調查音節連併中語音組合法所扮演的角色，以及連併形式的共同特性。 我們將檢視連併形式中的元音組合、輔音組合、聲母韻核組合、韻核韻尾組合、 音徵變化以及聲調組合。從理論的角度，我們將探討以下問題：哪幾類語音組合制約 在音節連併中可以被違反？哪些語音組合制約在這些方言中被嚴格遵守？特定幾類語 音組合制約的違反是否普遍存在這些方言中？語音組合制約的違反是否降低這些方言 間的差異性？以及普遍制約與語音組合制約如何互動？ 此項計畫將是首度就這五個台灣主要方言的音節連併提出整體性的理論分析。

This project is the second stage of my current on-going project. It will engage in an analysis under the framework of Optimality Theory (OT), based on the five databases of syllable contraction established in the first stage. It has been observed in several previous studies that some contracted forms may violate the phonotactics of a language, while other contracted forms strictly conform to the sound system. In the derivational tradition, phonotactics is inviolable; phonological rules must observe the phonotactic basics without exception. OT inaugurates a different view of phonological generation, and allows some phonotactic constraints to be violated in syllable contraction. This research is intended to investigate the role of phonotactics in syllable contraction and the common patterns of the contracted forms. In this theoretical analysis stage, we will analyze the contracta collected in terms of OT. We will examine the vocalic sequences, the consonant clusters, the onset-nucleus sequences, the nucleus-coda sequences, the feature changes and the tone sequences in the contracted outputs. Theoretically, we will investigate the following questions. What types of phonotactic constraints can be violated in syllable contraction? What phonotactic constraints are undominated in these dialects? Are violations of certain types of phonotactic constraints common among these dialects? Do violations of phonotactic constraints decrease dialectal variation? And how do universal constraints interact with phonotactic constraints? This project will be the first research that offers a theoretical generalization of syllable contraction in these five major Chinese dialects in Taiwan.