坂口零子小說人物的身分認同─以〈鄭一家〉、〈時計草〉為中心

Abstract

坂口零子（1914～）是日據時期在台的少數女性作家之一，中島利郎認為她是日據時期活躍於殖民地的日本作家中的異數，她能跳脫支配者的視線，以等距離看待台灣人、原住民，創作態度十分客觀純粹，因此獲得了台日讀者的青睞。然而身為殖民宗主國女性，坂口零子是否確實達到了客觀創作的境地，是否以等距離看待被殖民者，本文藉著坂口在台時期創作的小說〈鄭一家〉、〈時計草〉，以其中人物的認同問題為觀察對象，透過「皇民鍊成」、「通婚」與「混血」主題，探討坂口零子的寫作視點。坂口零子的問題意識非常清楚，對於小說中出現的各種人物，也努力作到趨近當事人的立場，探討各種扭曲的現象與內心的矛盾。只是在戰時體制下，為小說中各種人物尋找作為真正「日本人」出口的同時，不論是精神系譜法，或是血統融合法，以乎仍不能或無法跳脫殖民政策下的支配者視野，在觸及問題核心之際，作者只能將希望寄託在「日本寬大的八紘一宇精神」，既抽象又難以落實，更忽略了民族文化的差異，使得被殖民者終究無法突破認同的瓶頸。身處殖民地的女性作家，雖然能掌握人物內心細膩的刻劃，或對殖民政策以委婉的態度提出批評，但在戰爭時期發表的作品，要能達到以極客觀純粹的態度創作的境地，仍有個人或大環境的限制存在。

Sakaguchi Reiko (1914～) was one of the few female writers in Taiwan during Japanese occupation period. Nakazima Toshio believed that she was the prodigy among the Japanese writers livened up in the colony during Japanese occupation period. She could go beyond the view of dominator and treat the Taiwanese and aborigines in equal. Her creation attitude was totally objective and simple; thus, she was popular with Taiwanese and Japanese readers. However, as a female from the colonist country, did Sakaguchi Reiko actually reach the stage of objective creation and did she treat the colonists equally? Through her fictions “Chen Yi Chia” and “Shih Chi Tsau” created during her stay in Taiwan, this article treats the characters’ identification issue as the observation target and explores her writing views from the subjects of “royal citizen establishment” , “mixed marriage” and “mixed blood”. Sakaguchi Reiko’s issue consciousness was relatively clear and she made efforts to approach the positions of the characters appeared in the fictions and explored various twisted phenomenon and internal struggle. However, under the system of wartime, when looking for real “Japanese” outlets from different characters in the fictions, regardless of spirit pedigree method or blood relationship mix method, it seems that the dominator’s vision under colonization policy still cannot be threw off. While touching the core of the problems, the writer only placed her wish on “Japanese tolerant hakko ichiu spirit” which was abstract and difficult to be carried out. The spirit even neglected the difference of national cultures so that the colonists could not break through the obstacle of identification after all. As the female writer in the colony, although she could grasp the detail descriptions of the characters’ internal aspects or criticize the colonization policies with tactful attitude, there was still the individual or the environmental restriction for reaching the stage of creation in extremely objective and simple attitude in terms of the works published during the wartime