警訊自白證據之評價

Abstract

本文分為六章，第一章就本研究題目的動機與方法等作一簡單之介紹，第二章就台灣警察制度之發展及警訊自白成因作一闡述，第三章就自白之證據能力與價值而為分析，第四章就最高法院之法律見解與實務偵查人員之實務應對問題做一探討，第五章針對陷入僵局之警詢自白尋求合法、可行之操作方式，第六章總結全文而為結論。\r\n\r\n在自白理論之研究上，首先針對台灣警察制度之發展及被告自白之成因作一基礎之探討，以探究被告何以會違反人性自利之天性下而為自白，次就自白證據能力之問題，以我國刑事訴訟法第一百五十六條之不正訊問方法為中心而深究，至於如何確保被告自白之任意性方面，則分別由被告緘默權、律師權及全程錄影、錄音之保障做探討以為確保自白之可用性，最後再分析補強法則之沿革及理論基礎以補強自白證據價值。\r\n\r\n在自白之實證分析上，經本文就最高法院有關警訊自白的證據爭議做統計，判決資料中高達76%的警訊自白遭質疑，其數字略與違反錄影、錄音之規定相當，突顯合法自白需錄影錄音以為擔保之強烈關聯性，且從實務偵查人員之問卷調查中得知，雖然多數人員都知道合法自白之程序規定，但仍強烈需要適度偵辦之空間，且已能認知不得強迫取供。\r\n\r\n結論在強調白白雖具不可替代性，但在現今社會下，自白之取得更需遵循程序正義原則及維護被告人權，所以提出建議幾種自律方式以合法取得自白。

This study consists of six chapters, the first of which introduces the research’s history, motivations and methods ; the second chapter explains the development of the Police System in Taiwan and the key factors of defendants’ confession to police; the third chapter analyzes the qualification and value of the evidence in confessions, the fourth chapter discusses the Supreme Court’s interpretation of confession law on the relative problems about the investigators’ response, the fifth chapter explores legal means and possible ways to the stalemate of confession; and the final chapter is a conclusion of the articles. \r\n\r\nThe study, In the research of the theories of confession , first approaches the reasons of defendants’ acting contrary to humanity during police questioning as to confess from the basic research for the development of the Police System in Taiwan and the key factors of defendants’ confessions to police. Based on the National Criminal Law Proceedings §156, relative problems of the evidence qualification are discussed. As regards how to ensure the defendant’s voluntary confession, a study is made on the protection of defendant’s right to silence, right to counsel and to the picture or sound recording for offering testimony. Lastly, the supplemental rule theory is analyzed to reinforce the value of the evidence in confessions.\r\n\r\nIn the statistical sampling of confessions in the Supreme Court’s judgments, more then 76% have been queried, which is approximately the same as the number of illegal picture or sound recording exhibiting the significant relation between recording and legal confessions for offering confession’s testimony although most investigators realize the legal process in criminal lawsuits and the illegality of extorting confessions, they, as the survey in this study shows, still require a certain extent of freedom in investigation.\r\n\r\nThe conclusion of this article emphasizes on the must of confessions, however, in the current legal environment, obeying due process of law and maintaining human rights should be further considered in the process of obtaining confessions, therefore a proposal for calling the legal confessions is put forward.